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No. 1.—Vot. I.] 


FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MARCH 11, 1843. 


(SIXPENCE. 


TO OUR READERS. 

Nothing is more difficult than a commencement, save 
indeed a conclusion. Few know how to enter the world 
with grace, and fewer still, how to go out of it with pro- 
priety. We hope to be an exception to the first ignorance, 
and to have no occasion for the study of the last necessity. 
The question will very naturally be put to us, what claims 
we have upon public support? We will not reply by self- 
eulogy if we can avoid it, although we must necessarily 
slide into a little egotism. Hitherto the Pictorial Press has 
distinctly been characterised by its literary senility. Ourob- 
ject is to give it strength, and to show that illustration need 
not necessarily imply twaddle. Convinced that in these times 
of political excitement he who holds back from doing his duty 
politically to the masses, as well as individually to the man, 
errs greatly, we shall take a decided course in Liberal 
politics, telling the truth fearlessly, and writing freely of the 
great questions which now agitate the nation. As a News- 
paper, we shall give the whole intelligence of the week as 
fully as the great proportion of our unillustrated contempo- 
raries ; and as brevity and modesty are the greatest recom- 
mendations common sense can have, shall refer our readers 


to the contents of this, our first number, as a specimen both 
of our purpose and ability. 


THE CORN LAWS. 

The question of Corn-law Repeal is one to which every other 
is of merely secondary interest; and it is the duty of the jour- 
nalist, having the welfare of the people at heart, to make Corn- 
law Repeal the primary object of his labours. 

It seems almost superfluous to bring forward arguments for 
proving a position which has received the national assent ;—but 
though the truth that the present Corn-laws are ruinous to the 
country, is one that is almost universally recognised, it is only by 
keeping that truth continually before the public mind we can 
hope to see its power prevail over the mistaken and selfish efforts 
of the few who are employed in opposing it. We say that the 
opponents of Corn-law Repeal are not only selfish, but mistaken ; 
and so they undoubtedly are, for nothing but the most obstinate 
blindness could prevent them from seeing that a system which is 
fatal to the country at large, must ultimately involve themselves 
also in ruin. If it were even otherwise, and their prosperity 
were dependent on the maintenance of the present system, it 
would still be intolerable that all other classes should be oppressed 
in order that one might preserve an undue advantage at the ex- 
pense of the general interest. When, however, the most powerful 
appeals for total and immediate abolition have proceeded from 
persons connected with agriculture (several of the prize essays 
published by the Anti-Corn-law League, being the production of 
extensive farmers and landholders )—when those of their own 
class, who have the power and patience to investigate the matter, 
added to the talent for putting their views forward in a convincing 
shape ; when, we say, the most intelligent among the agriculturists 
themselves are found ranged on the side of repeal, it is time to 
treat with contempt the stupid ery for “ protection,” which has been 
inherited like the land itself—as a mere matter-of-course—by those 
who echo it. 

It is the fashion of the monopolists to pretend a peculiar affec- 
tion for the masses at large, and to tell them that if food should 
become cheap, they would have diminished means of buying it. 
There is no reason for saying this, further than that it may rouse 
the fears of the working classes, who can scarcely apprehend the 
possibility of being worse off than they are at present. It, however, 
happens that in all countries where labour is in demand, wages will 
be good, however low may be the price of provisions. In America, 
where the necessaries of life are plentiful and cheap, the wages of 
the workman are high, not only in comparison with the low cost 
of living, but his earnings would be very far above his wants, even 
in a dear country. So much then for the argument that cheap 
food and very low wages are everywhere, and would be in England, 
simultaneous. The abolition of the duties on Corn, while extending 
the demand for our manufactures, could scarcely lower the wages 
of the workman ; and, indeed, the doctrine is truly absurd,—that 


the more a particular commodity might be wanted, the less would 
be paid for it. 

It seems also, to us, a very ridiculous assertion, that if England 
were supplied with food from abroad, and manufactures were to be 
greatly extended, the land would lose its value. If such were the 
case, how comes it that land in the neighbourhood of large and 
densely populated manufacturing cities is more valuable than else- 
where? And how does it happen that a landlord gets considerably 
more for his ground when a factory is built upon it, than he could 
possibly receive from it if it were cultivated ? If land were of no use 
but for rearing agricultural produce, we might allow that the 
admission of that produce from abroad would appear primd facie 
injurious to the landed interest ; but when we know that the soil 
yields a lower profit in cultivation than when turned to any other 
use, it becomes ludicrous to hear the wailings of some of the land- 
owners at the ruin they anticipate should their fields be devoted to 
the building of factories. The ery of the monopolists is, that the 
agricultural interest is already depressed ; and, like dogs in the 
manger, not—as they assert—enjoying prosperity themselves, they 
protest loudly against anything being done to save the commerce 
of the country from ruin. If, however, agriculture is declining, 
and trade is not to be revived, let us ask the landowners or the 
farmers, what is the occupation they will select for their children ? 
It is to trade that they might legitimately look for honourable 
employment and for wealth ; but if trade is to be destroyed for the 
sake of a selfish and misguided few, where is the resort of enter- 
prise and industry ? 

The two great points to be accomplished by Corn-law Repeal 
are—cheapness of food, and the extension of trade—both of which 
would be sources of general prosperity. These two objects, if 
attained, would secure to the landlord the appropriation of his 
uncultivated land to more profitable uses 3—to the manufacturer, a 
larger demand for his goods, and a greater facility of supply ;—to 
the tradesman, an increase in trade, by the greater extent of ex- 
change of commodities,—and to the workman, not only a greater 
command over the necessaries of life, but a higher value for his 
Jabours. All classes are, therefore, interested in the repeal of tie 
Corn-laws. Their abolition is so clearly desirable, that it can only 
be a question of time ; and to expedite that time will be the constant 
aim of our labours. 


—_—_— 


M‘NAUGHTEN’S CRIME AND PUNISHMENT. 

We can scarcely imagine a more dificult position than that in 
which a jury is placed, before whom stands a man accused of 
deliberate murder, but of whose sanity there is a doubt. The mind 
revolts at the idea of claiming an expiation from an irresponsible 
being ; while, at the same time, our sense of justice demands that 
we should watch with care, and suspicion, lest punishment be 
evaded by a semblance of insanity. The twelve “good men and 
true,” who sit in the jury-box, may determine, with perfect ease, 
whether such and such facts, deposed by the several witnesses 
under examination, are true or false, and can therefore, at once, 
come to a ready conclusion on the subject: but where questions 
involving a knowledge of mental disease, and the intimate relation- 
ship between mind and body, are mooted, plain-dealing men are 
bewildered, and must trust to the guidance of superior spirits. In 
these cases the medical evidence is decidedly the most important— 
in fact, it can scarcely be called simple evidence ; the moment a 
medical man enters the witness-box, he pronounces the verdict of 
the prisoner. In M‘Naughten’s case, it is a subject of much con- 
gratulation to the Court generally, that the evidence adduced, not 
only by the medical men, but also by the lay witnesses, throughout 
the trial, could leave no doubt whatever of the man’s insanity. 
The case was too clearin all its bearings to admit even of a quibble ; 
and anxious, as no doubt, the prosecutor would be to punish the 
guilty, yet the proofs of irresponsibility disarmed even him. But 
here a most important question arises. Are we tlius to “stand in 
jeopardy every hour,” because, forsooth, the man who may murder 
us “in the climax of his insanity” labours under a delusion, and 
is not a punishable object? Certainly not. The safety of the 
community ought to be consulted; and if no punishment can, 
with propriety, be inflicted upon the monomaniac, the friends 
and natural guardians of such an individual should be held 
responsible. Look at the case of M‘Naughten ; witnesses came 
forward in crowds to depose to his well-known insanity, and yet 


he is permitted to go forth, his delusion ripening fast into maturity, 
until at last, as our friend Dr. Hutchinson said at the trial, it 
reaches “its climax,” and nothing but “ physical obstacles” would 
or could prevent the catastrophe which ensues. Then, how is it 
that such “ physical obstacles” are not presented? Is the reck- 
lessness of a parent to be permitted thus to interfere with the life 
of an individual, or of many? We say, no. There ought to be 
immediately a provision made, whereby the negligence of the 


acknowledged guardian of an insane person should be 
made highly punishable. We are perfectly aware that a 


law of this kind would be liable—without great care—to abuse ; 
but stringent provisions, and well-ordered inspection, might ensure 
perfect protection on both sides. That M‘Naughten acted under 
an impulse which he could not control, we are perfectly sure ; 
and he no more deserves hanging than the poor monomaniae who 
attempts suicide; yet, as his insanity was of no sudden growth, 
but of gradual and lengthened development, noticed by his rela- 
tives for some time—we do hold them, in some measure, blame- 
able. Henceforth, however, he will be out of harm’s way—the 
companion of men, who, like himself, have committed, or have 
attempted to commit, murder. The annals of the ward in Bedlam, 
tenanted by such men, must be of a melancholy description. If 
the mind, during the lifetime of seclusion from the world, recovers 
its tone, how pungent, alas! must be the thoughts that fill that 
mind! In this case there is no hope of release ;—the dawn of 
reason brings no visions of happy homes, and rejoicing friends ; 
all isa dreary blank, and the feeling heart can only hope that the 
mind of such unhappy wretches may remain still in the darkness 
of insanity. 


a 


THE STARVING MILLIONS. 

The starving millions! Alas, alas! this is not the startling ery of 
restless agitation, or the exciting watchword of a political party ! 
It is a sober, truthful, and incontrovertible exclamation, that has 
been echoed even by the tongues of the Tory Ministry itself. 
Would to God it could find an echo in their hearts! Who that 
passes along our crowded thoroughfares, does not observe the 
change in the aspect of those poor creatures who depend upon 
casual aid for their daily bread? The skulking and sturdy men- 
dicant hath brave competitors in the field ; for the industrious me- 
chanic, and the ruined operative have been driven to the streets, 
to beg for their poor starving children a morsel of bread. God 
help them! We know what the decent pride of an Englishman 
is, even in the humble ranks; and severe must be the pangs of 
hunger that would drive an industrious man to mendicancy. But 
so it is; and honest men are driven to dishonest acts, merely to 
obtain the coveted shelter of a prison-house ; and so sharp is the 
tooth of want, that the stinted diet of the goal is devoured as a 
rare delicacy! Is there no remedy? Cannot the lordly Bishop, 
with his tens of thousands per annum, taken from the pockets of 
these poor people, devise some plan of relief? My Lord Bishop, 
must the people starve? Consumers of the taxes, wrung from 
the famished poor, have ye no bowels of compassion? Must the 
people starve? Sir Robert Peel, must your countrymen starve ? 
Where are the promised blessings of a Tory reign, the golden 
triumphs of Conservative policy? Where are those good, kind 
gentlemen, who, on the hustings, almost wept over the depravity of 
the Whigs, and lamented so loudly the approaching ruin of the 
nation? Where are the promises ye wot of—promises which led 
us to cast Melbourne from his high place, and to grant to the 
Lords Russell and Palmerston permission to retire? Alas! the 
promise is broken to the hope! The wretchedness of the people 
is treated with contempt—for neglect in this case is contempt ; 
and nothing but the united, and emphatic, and reiterated demauds 
of the nation for redress, can move the dull ear of power. 


ST ES 


PRISON CRUELTIES. 

We have no sympathy with crime: if the law be broken, let the 
majesty of that law be vindicated by the condign punishment of 
the malefactor., But. the spirit of the British constitution is directly 
opposed to unnecessary cruelty, during the administration of 
justice; and as this is not only the spirit of our English law, but 
also that of Nature itself, we feel ourselves bound to notice its 
slightest invasion. 

The death of two poor men in one of the prisons of the Metro- 


2 


THE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY TIMES 


polis, last week, under circumstances anything but creditable to 
the authorities of the place, has justly aroused the indignation of 
the public mind. We envy not, especially, the situation of the 
medical attendant of the prison, who could so far mistake the con- 
dition of his patients, for we will not accuse him of deliberate 
cruelty, as to allow them to sink, step by step, under his very eyes, 
into the grave, unheeded and unrelieved, until evidently too late. 
The medical man, of course, falls back upon the old plea of “ fre- 
quent imposture.” Granted ; men will occasionally skulk, to avoid 
work ; yet we expect the medical attendant of a large prison to beable 
to distinguish between an arrant imposture, and a case of con- 
firmed disease. If he is unable to do so, he is not fitted for his 
station. The cases of the poor men in Coldbath-fields prison, 
were very hard indeed. One man, with a good character of some 
years’ standing, is committed to hard labour for having in his 
possession two heads of brocoli, of which he can give no accouut. 
His health was bad on admission; for it is so represented to be by 
the doctor himself; and yet, with a confirmed asthma, the man 
goes to the tread-mill, and thence, of course, to his grave. 

The other man was committed for an assault on a policeman, 
while drunk—generally speaking, res incerta. 

A correspondent of the Morning Chronicle, with a spirit we 
admire, shows up the medical treatment of the doctor in one of 
these cases so well, that we cannot do better than quote his 
remarks. At the inquest, one of the witnesses, named Thomas 
Atkins, deposed,— 


That he heard the deceased Doyle complain of illness to the officers 
of the prison, on the 3d or 4th of February. He spoke to one of them 
(Watson), who promised to report it to another (Garrett), and to 
Garrett the deceased spoke also himself. ‘The answer which this 
Iumane person gave was, ‘“‘ You have got your supper before you: this 
18 not a time to complain of these things.” It was, however, high time, 
for the. poor creature died in only eight days after this unseasonable 
complaint. 

He was continued at his work, though scarcely able to stand, and 
shivering with cold; and, on addressing the surgeon the next day, this 
dialogue passed in the chapel :— 

Doctor; ‘* What’s the matter now ?” 

Patient : ‘ Swelled legs, and very bad.” 

Doctor: ‘‘ Let him have half a pint of soup extra, and some 
potatoes.” 

This was the cordial administered to a man within eight days of 
death, and who was not even at that time admitted to the infirmary. 
This extra quantity, too, he was too ill to eat, and having given to 
another prisoner who could eat it, these were both reported for it. We 
do not know, but it is not impossible that the survivor was punished. 

The next evidence was that of the warder, Wm. Watson, and it is 
well worth attending to, for, pending this inquiry, he had been 
discharged from his wardership, and for this inexcusable fault, ‘‘ that he 
had allowed the prisoners to speak concerning the death of Doyle.” This 
disclosure caused, as it well might, a great sensation among the jury- 
men, and will cause something akin to indignation in that jury of the 
country at large, which look with observant eyes on the method of 
disciplining officers within the prisons. 

_ Watson deposes : ‘Doyle attracted my attention through not eating 
his food, and drinking all the water he could get hold of. Nota day 
passed but he leftsome of his food. This is about sic weeks since. He 
appeared very weak, and had not the strength to remove a barrow. He 
had not the strength of the meanest insect. He was ordered to do as 
monch as he could: much was not expected. 

The Coroner here very properly inquired if the governor knew 
nothing of this? ‘The governor replies, that he was in the habit of going 
round daily, and asking in every ward if all’s well?’ He knew nothing 
of it ; but he said that sub-warders, by the 32nd rule, were liable to be 
fined half-a-crown (oh, mockery !) for not reporting to the surgeon any 
case of illness ; and why is it not permitted to the sick man to report 
himself to the governor aud surgeon, and to answer ‘‘all is not well.” 
Once, indeed, the dying man did take this freedom with the surgeon, 
and he obtained, in consequence, not remission from his toil, though 

as weak as an insect,” not admission into the hospital, but in lieu of 
these—halfa pint ofsoup! Again a cruel, most cruel mockery. 

Let any of your readers imagine the anguish of this enforced toil ona 
man with diseased kidneys, with diseased hip, and an arm stiff from a 
fall. Let any one picture to himself what his despair must have been, 
during that Jong and painful malady ; for he was a sufferer in Novem- 
her, and admitted to the infirmary only on the Ist of February. What 
he must have endured on hearing the governor’s “all well,” when he 
found himself dying, without pity or help, in his cell—in vain preferring 
his complaint to the sub-warders and to the surgeon; and as he had 
derived no succour from them, he might have deemed it useless to 
answer the ‘ all’s well” of the governor with ‘I ama dying man ; for 
God’s sake remove me to the infirmary.” 

‘The jury add to this verdict, ‘ that they could not separate without 
expressing their opinion that the deseased had not that proper treatment 
from the warder and medical officer that the nature of the case re- 
quired ;” whereupon that officer declared that he would take the case 
into the Queen’s Bench !' Let him. 

a SY 


Parliamentary Lutelligence. 


—>——_ 
HOUSE OF LORDS—Monpay. 

The Attorneys’ and Solicitors’ Bill passed through committee, on the motion 
of Lord CorreNnHAM, who presented a petition in favour of Debtors’ and Cre- 
ditors’ Bill; the Marquis of LanspowNnk from the London Missionary Society. 

PLEA OF INSANITY IN CRIMINAL CASES. 

Lord Brov@uam said, in absence of the Lord Chancellor or Lord Chief 
Justice doing so, he should present a measure to their lordships on the subject 
of partial insanity as a plea in the cases of murder. 

The Lord CHANCELLOR said he had already directed his attention to such 
a measure, and was in communication with persons who would give the ne- 
cessary information on the subject, and 

Lord DEnHamM thought any question on the subject should have the fullest 
consideration of her Majesty’s Government. 

Lord CAMPBELL said that it was an undoubted law that mental unsound- 
ness, unless it amounted to insanity at the time of the committal of the 
unlawful act, affords no immunity; and that there might be a difficulty in 
framing a law on the subject, but that means should be adopted for protecting 
society from such danger. 

CORN LAWS. 

Lord MonTEAGLe intimated his intention of bringing forward his motion 
for inquiry into the Corn-laws on Tuesday week. 

The Earl of SuarrrsBuRy read the report of the Townshend Peerage case, 
and feared there would be no remedy but by a bill. 


HOUSE OF COMMONS—Mownpay. 
POOR-LAW. 

Mr. WALTER moved for the production of a return of which he had given 
notice. 

Sir JAMES GRAHAM said he was willing to produce the return of the sums 
expended for out-door relief, during 1841 and 1842, but to thelatter part of the 
motion, “work performed for such expenditure,” he thought it was utterly 
beyond his power; but if it could, it should be also furnished. 

Mr. WALTER subsequently, in accordance with a suggestion of the Speaker, 
withdrew his motion. 

Mr. FERRAND made some comment on the conduct of Mr. Clements, an 
assistant Poor-Law Commissioner, and moved that he should be required to 
attend at the bar of the House to answer for his conduct. 

Mr. WALTER seconded the motion, which was negatived, the numbers being, 
For Mr. Ferrand’s motion, 6; against it, 195. Majority, 189. 

Mr. Lippxe asked Sir J. Graham whether he was aware of a resolution of 
the Halifax Board of Guardians, in conjunction with Mr. Clements, to erect a 
treadmill in the workhouse ? 

Sir J. @RanAmM said that he had communicated with the Poor-Law Commis- 
sioners, who had informed him they intended to erect a hand corn mill in the 
workhouse, and which he (Sir J. Graham) thought was frequently adopted. 

The House went into the Committee of Supply. 

Mr. Hume wished to know whether it was the intention of Government to 
reduce her naval establishment upon the Jakes, in accordance with the recent 
treaty, Mr. HERBRT said it was. The vote was agreed to. 

£591,951 was granted for the workmen, &c., employed in her Majesty’s es- 
tablishment at home, and £37,490 for those employed abroad. £1,055,894 for 


naval stores, building and repair of ships, docks, wharfs, &c., and for steam 
machinery. On the vote of £234,868 being put, it was objected by Mr. W. 
WILLIAMS, that the sum exceeded that of last year by £40,000. That the 
sum of £168,000 for repairing the harbour of Portsmouth could not be re- 
quired, and he objected to the sum of £168,000 being laid out in building three 
new ships there, and he objected to the building a new barrack at Chatham for 
the marines, that it was a lavish waste of public money. After some observa- 
tions from Mr. Hume and other members, on the extravagance of expending 
£80,000 to sccommodate 1,000 men, Mr. Hume divided the house. The num- 
bers were—For the estimate, 71; against it 22. Majority, 49. 

£21,434 was agreed to for medicine, medical stores, &c. ; £61,011 for tele- 
graphs, &c.; £746,107 for half-pay officers of the navy and Royal Marines; 
£498,702 to defray the charges of military pensions and allowances being put 
out; £168,209 to defray the charge of civil pensions and allowances. On the 
sum of £245,429 being put for freight, victualling, &c., in conveying the 
troops to and from the colonies, and on account of the army and ordnance 
departments for the years 1843-1844, after some discussion as to the pro- 
priety and fitness of men-of-war being employed as transports, the motion 
was agreed to; £100,335 for the expense of convict ships; £420,202 to defray 
the charges under the Post-office department for the contract packet service. 
Dr. BowRING said the West India mails were very irregular, and that our 
communications with the Levant were less open than our neighbours. France 
sent three steamers, while we sent only one; and that it was desirable to ex- 
tend our steam communication to the northern parts of Syria. He also 
thought it should in regard to the Black Sea; but he believed a proposition 
had been submitted to her Majesty’s Government on these points, and he 
wished to know whether the Government intended taking any steps in conse- 
quence. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said such proposition as to 
the communication with Syria had been submitted, and was under con- 
sideration. On an observation by Mr. WILLIAMS, as to the great increase in 
the vote for Post-office purposes, the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said 
that steam caused much additional expense, and what the public gained in 
time, they lost in money. £110,779 for defraying the expenses of the corps 
of Royal Sappers and Miners; £342,467 for defraying the expenses of the 
Royal Artillery at home and in the colonies ; £39,455 for defraying the ex- 
benses of barrackmasters on foreign stations. On the vote of £405,119 for 
ordnance works and repairs, and the expenses of the clerks of works, &c., 
Mr. HuME complained that much of this money was destined for the colonies. 
Mr. W. WixiurAMs complained that a great expense was incurred in the 
Rideau canal, that the people ought not to be taxed to keep it in repair, and 
that the Canadians should find the money. Captain BoLDERO said the annual 
outlay was £10,000, and the annual amount of tolls, £13,000. Sir H. 
DovuaGuas said it had also been the means of saving the lives of many soldiers, 
as it was important for the purpotes of military communication; for formerly 
the only communication with upper Canada was by the St. Lawrence. The 
vote was then agreed to. £194,850 to defray the expenses of the ordnance 
survey department, and military and civil contingencies. In answer to a 
question by Mr. Hume, it was said that forty-six counties in England and 
Wales were completed, and that in Scotland the process of triangulation was 
nearly completed. £269,000 for ordnance and military stores. Captain 
LAYARD said the arms of the 98th regiment, when they went to India, were 
in a very inefficient state; he thought the muskets should have percussion 
locks. Captain BoLpERo said that the sea-air had no ill effects on the per- 
cussion caps, though exposed to it; and that some of the regiments in India 
and Canada had been supplied with them, and were much approved of. 
£167,852 for superannuated and retiring allowances, half-pay peusions, &c. 
£194,792 for the commissiariat. 

The SPEAKER informed the House Sir Gordon Bremerreturned thanks to the 
house for their vote commendatory of his services in China. On the motion 
of Sir R. PEEL, it was ordered that the letter be entered upon the Journal of 
the House. 

SELECT COMMITTEE ON SHIPWRECKS. 

Mr. G. PALMER nominated the following gentlemen to constitute the Select 
Committee on Shipwrecks: Mr. G. Palmer, Mr. W. Gladstone, Captain Gor- 
don, Mr. H. Baring, Captain Fitzroy, Mr. H. Hinde, Mr. A. Chapman, Mr, 
Lyall, Mr. Rice, Captain Plumridge. Sir H. Douglas, Mr. Duncan, Mr. Ross, 
Admiral Dundas, and Sir C. Napier. 

Mr. WALLACE thought the Committee was not fairly selected, he should 
move that Mr. Gladstone’s name be omitted, and Captain Pechell’sjbe inserted. 

The SPEAKER said, that the omission of any name might be moved, but 
that the substitution of another could not be proposed unless previous notice 
had been given of such intention. ‘Ihe gallery was cleared for a division, but 


none took place. 
HOUSE OF LORDS—Tuespay. 
THE CORPORATION OF LONDON. 

Lord BrovaHamM presented a petition from a hatter, in Fleet-street, com- 
plaining that a fee of £1 3s, Gd. was exacted by the Court of Aldermen on 
the presentation of a petition to that body. He stated that many of the items 
of the revenue of the City, which he mentioned the other night, were more 
than he then stated. For instance, he might mention the parochial tithes, 
which, instead of being £20,000 a-year, were £50,000; and the 8d. per ton 
duty on coals amounted to £85,495. 

Lord CAMPBELL understood the Lord Chancellor, when visiting the City, 
had said, that whilst other corporations required reform, the ancient and vene- 
rable corporation of London required none—(hear, hear),—that whilst other 
corporations were reformed, it ought to remain unchanged, and that he hoped 
it would do so. 

The LoRD CHANCELLOR in reply, said it was an after-dinner speech, and 
he had no memory of it. 

SPIRIT DUTIES (IRELAND). 

Lord MonNTEAGLE moved the printing of certain papers relating to the Irish 
spirit duties. Those papers showed that the temperance movement, had not 
occasioned so large a decrease in the consumption of spirits, which could only 
be accounted for by the increase of crime in illicit distillation. He then went 
into a number of details showing a great increase in the last five years in the 
number of persons convicted for illicit distillation, which he considered was 
attributable to the late alteration of the duties which held out a premium for 
smuggling. 

The Earl of Wick Low trusted the noble lord would continue to bring the 
subject before the House, and taking all the circumstances into consideration, 
the.Government would see the propriety and expediency of again altering the 
duty to what it was before the Act of last Session—(Hear, hear). 

The papers were then ordered to be printed. 

POOR LAWS. 

Lord Treynuam rose to beg their lordships’ concurrence in certain resolu- 
tions affecting the operation of the Poor-law Amendment Act. After observing 
that the separation of husband and wife, under the New Poor-law Act, assi- 
milated to the legal divorce @ mensa et thoro, he said there were many cases 
in which the Ecclesiastical Courts interfered for the restitution of conjugal 
rights; but here was a case in which the connubial rights of these poor per- 
sons were taken away for no other cause than their poverty. Man and wife 
were torn asunder from each other—the ties of nature were violated, and these 
poor persons, without a crime, were imprisoned in a workhouse. A man 
might have been fourteen years in one employment, and, though his employer 
went with him to the workhouse door, and stated that he was reduced to 
poverty without any fault of his own, and had been always a well-conducted 
man, that would make no difference in the treatment which the man would 
receive. The noble lord concluded by moving the following resolutions :— 

“«That it is the opinion of this House, that the separation of man and wife, 
of parents and children, which takes place in the union workhouses, is an 
exceeding evil, and the cause of evils. 

“That its abolition ought, therefore, to be forthwith sought. 

“That by a judicious administration of out-door relief, the use of the work- 
house for married paupers, except for casual poor and cases of exigency, 
might be and ought to be abolished.” 

On the question being put, 

The Duke of WELLINGTON said, *‘ A short time ago I had the honour of stating 
that a Bill to amend the Poor-law Act, was under the consideration of ber 
Majesty’s Government, and would be introduced into Parliament in a short 
time. That Bill has not yet been introduced, in consequence of many other 
important and pressing measures, but will be brought forward shortly. Under 
these circumstances, I therefore earnestly request your lordships not to pass 
a resolution, which resolution would be binding on nobody—even on the 
House itself. It might be binding on the noble lord who introduced it, or any 
other noble lord who supported it; but when a measure will be brought up in 
a few days, in order to become the law of the land, your lordships may sup- 
port that measure, without acting inconsistently with this resolution. Under 
these circumstances, I, therefore, should request your lordships not to vote for 
the resolution.” 

Earl STANHOPE said he maintained that the forcible separation of man and 
wife was in direct violation of the holy Scriptures. The object of the present 
Poor-law was to prepare the country for having no Poor-law at all. Although 
he did not see here a noble earl connected with the county of York, he would 
say that this was the ulterior object of the law, as described in a docu- 
ment which had happened now to see the light, though studiously and care- 
fully concealed from public observation, for the non-production of which 
shuffling excuses were made, and which, when dragged from its obscurity, did 
appear the most flagitious and execrable paper that had ever been exhibited be- 
fore a public assembly, he would not even except the National Convention of 
the French republic—(A laugh), It was proved by this paper, and avowed by 
the authors and supporters of the law. 

The Duke of WELLINGTON—The noble earl has referred to a document 
which has been represented as having formed the basis of the Poor-law Bill. 
Knowing, as I do, my lords, that no such paper ever existed, I will venture, in 
this House, to deny the assertion altogether. I again repeat that no such 
document ever existed. 

Earl SranuoPpE—Of course I am bound to believe what the noble duke has 
said, but I never before heard the existence of the document questioned. 

Lord TEYNHAM said he would not trouble their lordships to divide. 

The amendment was then withdrawn; after which their lordships adjourned. 


HOUSE OF COMMONS—tTurspay. 
OXFORD RAILWAY. 

Mr. BLACKSTONE moved that the order ror referring the Oxford Railway 
Bill to the Speaker’s list for the county of Oxford be discharged, and that it be 
an instruction to the committee of selection to refer the same to the Speaker’s 
list for the county of Berks. 


Mr. Escorr opposed the motion, on the ground that the whole interest of 
the railway was in the county of Oxford, and therefore it ought .not to be 
placed on the list for the county of Berks. 

After a few words from Lord G. SoMERSET, Mr. STRUTT, and Mr. BLacK- 
STONE, the House divided—For the motion, 19; against it, 112. Majority, 93. 

The Liverpool Gas Bill, the Trentham Road Bill, the Birkenhead Cemetery 
Bill, and the Birkenhead Improvement Bill, were severally read a second time 
and ordered to be committed. 

ECCLESIASTICAL COURTS BILL. 

Mr. Escorr wished to know from the Judge-Advocate whether, after what 
had transpired on Friday last, he would not consent to postpone the further 
stages of that bill until after Easter. 

Dr. NicHoun stated that the bill had been introduced solely on public 
grounds, and that it was his fixed determination to move the second reading 
on Friday next. 

Mr. C. BuLLER complained that the bill had been delayed until all the mem- 
bers of the learned profession had left town. He trusted, therefore, it would be 
further postponed until their return. 

Dr. NIcHOLL would not willingly inconvenience the learned profession, but 
he could not put off the bill to suit their convenience. 

Sir J. GRAWAM said that both he and the Judge-Advocate were most anxious 
to consult the convenience of the House, but the Bill, or a similar one, had 
been before the House for some successive sessions, so that the question had 
been fully brought under the consideration of Parliament. He must say in his 
Opinion the time had arrived when the House was quite competent to decide 
on the question—(Hear, hear). Every necessary delay would, however, be 
granted previous to going into committee. 

PLEA OF INSANITY. 

Mr. M‘Kinnon wished to ask whether it was the intention of Government to 
propose any alteration in the law respecting the plea of insanity, more espe- 
cially as regarded the cases of those lunatics who suffered under only partial 
delusion ? 

Sir J. GRAHAM said he was convinced that the House would feel that it 
would be inexpedient to introduce any measure altering the law on a matter 
of such paramount importance, requiting caution at all times, but more par- 
ticularly at this juncture—without the most careful deliberation. 

MESSAGE FROM HER MAJESTY. 

The Lord Steward appeared at the bar, and reported that the address to her 
Majesty, praying that her Majesty might be pleased to direct that means should 
be taken for providing a sound moral and religious education for her people, 
had been presented to her Majesty, and that her Majesty had been pleased to 
receive the same, and to return the following most gracious answer :— 

“T have received your loyal and dutiful address. The attention of my 
Government had been previously directed to the moral and religious education 
of the working classes of my people. The assurance of your cordial co-opera- 
tion confirms me in the hope that this blessing may be realised by legislative 
enactment.”” 

CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 

Mr. F. MAvLz rose to bring under the consideration of the House the 
question of which he had given notice. He had had the honour of 
presenting to the House a petition from the commission of the General 
Assembly of the Church of Scotland—a petition which, although it had ema- 
nated from a body which was called the Commission of the General Assembly, 
and which bore to it somewhat of the analogy which a committee of the whole 
of that House did to the House itself. The grievances complained of in the 
petition, and the General Assembly prayed the attention of the House to both, 
were, first, interference from the Civil Courts, alleged to be an invasion of the 
constitution of Scotland. Much misrepresentation existed on the subject, and 
which he feared had been adopted by the members of her Majesty’s Govern- 
ment, but which he (Mr. F. Maule) would prove to be entirely destitute of 
foundation. He would refer to the passage of the letter of the Right Hon. 
Secretary of State for the Home Department, which had been laid on the table 
of the House, in answer to the memorial from the General Assembly, in proof of 
what he had just stated. At page 20 of the Parliamentary Papers, where that 
document was to be found, it was stated, among other matters, that the Church 
of Scotland, in resisting the civil jurisdiction, imagined they were suffering for 
conscience sake, and that they not only claimed exclusive jurisdiction in all 
spiritual cases, but declared also that they alone were competent to determine 
what cases were spiritual and what belonged to the civil jurisdiction, which, 
he said, was not correct. What they claimed was that, within their own 
sphere as an independent Court, but without prejudice to the jurisdiction of 
any other Court, they should have a right to say, in matters brought before 
them, what belonged to the spiritual and what to the civil jurisdiction. All 
that the Church stood up for was to be an independent Court, recognized 
by the constitution, established by law, and within its own sphere as competent 
as any other Court in the country. That claim was fully borne out by the 
statute law of the land. First, the statutes passed in 1567. It was certainly 
true that prior to that year, the Presbyterian Church of Scotland had existed 
as the Church of the people of Scotland; but it had not been, previous to that, 
connected with the State. In 1567, however, it was adopted though not en- 
dowed by the State, and Acts of Parliament were passed giving it legal privi- 
vileges. The 4th Act of that year recognized the Confession of Faith. The 
5th Act abolished the Mass. The 6th was for the recognitlon of the 
Church as the only true Kirk. The 7th was ® most important one. It 
was entitled “Anent the admission of those presented to benefices into 
the Ministry,” and it provided that the admission of ministers within 
the realm should only be in the power of the Kirk now openly published 
and professed within the same. It then went on to enact the order of pre- 
sentation, and it established for the first time the jus devolutwm ordaining 
that, if not exercised within six months, it should lapse to the Church of 
Scotland. Then, that if the superintendent refused to qualify, the patron 
might appeal to the Synod, and from thence, if rejected, to the General 
Assembly, whose decision was to be final. That was the 7th statute of 1567. 
It appeared that several propositions had been made by the Church to the 
Parliament of Scotland, which were acceded to by their giving to the Kirk 
such privileges as justly pertained to the Kirk, and ordaining that no other 
places of religion should be permitted, and that no jurisdiction ecclesiastical 
should be claimed within the realm other than that which belonged to the Kirk. 
That was the proposition submitted to Parliament in 1567, and in the 12th Act 
of that year he found those principles laid down and acted upon. The Act was 
called “ Anent the Jurisdiction of the Kirk, and Articles given in and proposed 
to the Lord Regent.” ‘The enactment ran, that by the Queen’s grace, and 
with the advice of the Lord Regent and the three Estates of Parliament, the 
jurisdiction and privileges claimed were granted to the said Kirk, and no other 
jurisdiction ecclesiastical was acknowledged in the realm other then that which 
should be within the Kirk, or followed therefrom. This was the original statute 
by which ecclesiastical jurisdiction was given to the Church, and unless he 
should be able to follow those statutes, with confirming statutes, through the 
varied history of the Parliament of Scotland, he was quite willing that his 
case should be taken as ‘‘not proven.” In the year 1579, in the sixth Parlia- 
ment of James, a statute was passed containing a renewal of the commission. 
This was the Seventh Act of Parliament confirming the jurisdiction of the 
Kirk, and was again confirmed in 1681. Then the celebrated statute of 1792, 
which was sometimes called in Scotland the Charter of the Presbyterian 
Church. By that statute all the previous statutes were recognised and again 
distinctly renewed. He would now pass over other statutes between 1592 and 
1662, and proceed to an Act passed in 1662, which took from her all the pri- 
vileges. That Act was for restoring the Archbishops and Bishops to Scotland. 
He founded his argument on that Act of 1662. That Act set out that whereas 
it was right and expedient that the government of the Church of Scotland 
should vest in the King, by virtue of his Royal prerogative, all previous Acts 
granting privileges and jurisdiction to the Church should be rescinded and 
annulled. He had quoted the preamble of this Act as showing that there did 
exist at the time the strongest impression, which was the true one in Scot- 
land, that for the purpose of restoring the supremacy of the King in matters 
ecclesiastical it was absolutely necessary to repeal the laws and statutes still 
standing on the statute-book, which gave tothe Kirk supremacy in all matters 
ecclesiastical. The Act of 1669 had a somewhat similar preamble. Matters 
went on this way until the revolution. In 1688, after various strugzles between 
the Presbyterians of Scotland and those who asserted the doctrines to which 
they (the Presbyterians) never would submit, namely, the supremacy of the 
King in matters ecclesiastical, the revolution took place, and at that time there 
was presented by the Church and Estates of Scotland a claim of rights and 
statement of grievances, and in that document it was distinctly made a portion 
of the offer of the Crown to William and Mary that the ancient Presbyterian 
government of the country, as instituted in 1567, as confirmed in 1581 and in 
1592, should be adopted as the only government of the Church of Scotland, 
and that enactments to the contrary should be abolished. Accordingly, in 
1689, they found prelacy once more abolished, and the statutes truly and 
entirely rescinded. In 1690 they found the Presbyterian Church government 
recognised by Parliament. In 1692 it was again restored, and except on the 
subject of patronage, which was reserved for after consideration, all the judicial 
powers of the Church in its own Church Courts, which had been conceded in 
1567 and 1592, were again established without any check, In the year 1695 
he found other Acts having reference to that portion of the question which 
had been reserved, namely, the question of patronage, and he found 
that the question was then established so as to be left not in the hands 
of the patrons, but in other hands. He then came to the Act of Security. 
The Scotch did not only affirm the perpetuity of their religion as strongly 
as it could be affirmed, but they also left on record their intention that the 
Presbyterian form of Church goverument, as settled by the Act of Security, 
should be the religion of Scotland. The Act of Security guarded this inten- 
tion by every possible means. That design was embodied in treaties; and 
previous to any sovereign sitting on the throne of these realms, Scotland took 
care that his first public act should be a declaration of his intention to sup- 
port the Church of Scotland in its integrity. He then read an extract of a 
speech of the late Lord President Hope, in regard to the Act of Security, and 
quoted an opinion of Lord Cockburn, and which were in unison with and con- 
firmed his views. He denied that the question is one of law. It appeared to 
him (Mr. Fox Maule) that in the case before the House, the Court of Session 
mistook its functions, and claimed privileges only belonging to the State, 
namely, the power of overriding the opinions of Courts of Judicature as in- 
dependent in their jurisdiction as itself. He should, therefore, propose to the 
House to resolve itself into a committee to consider the whole question. He 
maintained, that the Church Court had a right to exercise the authority it 
claimed, until Parliament either declared what the law should be, or passed a 
law to meet the circumstances of the case. That was his (Mr. F, Maule’s) 


THE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY TIMES. | 3 


reading of the constitution of Scotland, and that was the view of the manner 
in which the Church should be treated. It was unnecessary to argue the fact, 
because it was admitted by all the highest authorities on the subject that the 
principle of non-intrusion—or, to explain it in a few words, the principle 
that no minister should be intruded on a congregation without the consent 
of a majority of that congregation, was a standing principle of the Church of 
Scotland, from its very first establishment. The right hon. gentleman oppo- 
site had designated it a modern invention; but that must have been a mistake. 
If, however, the right hon. gentleman referred to the votes of discipline 
alluded to, he would find that it was a principle asserted in most of the Acts, 
&c., above recited, and againasserted when the Act of Queen Anne was passed 
in 1712. From that hour to this, it was a principle from which the Church 
of Scotland never did, and never would, depart. The Courts of the Church 
were the first to countenance the forced settlement under this Act, by calling 
on the Courts of Law to enforce its decision. He (Mr. F. Maule) acquitted 
the Courts of Law in Scotland ; but he could not avoid condemning the 
Church Courts of the last century for permitting the power to pass away from 
them in that manner. About the beginning of the present century the evan- 
gelical spirit began to regain strength in Scotland. In 1834, it again became 
the majority. After speaking of various discussions in 1833, he said, in 1834, 
Sir G. Sinclair moved for a committee, which was granted. The hon. 
member fur Moray, embodying the opinion of the hon. member for Aberdeen- 
shire, stated that “the General Assembly in ecclesiastical matters was sove- 
reign and independent, and that it could not be bound by the decisions of that 
House, and that they were of no force in the Church Courts without the sanction 
of the General Assembly.”? He (Mr. F. Maule) however, could not go as far as that. 
The General Assembly, in passing the Veto Law, saw enough of encourage- 
ment in the public mind in Scotland to induce that body to think it would 
meet with support. The law was passed, and no fault was found with it; but 
the result was, that a great cry arose in Scotland that it amounted toa total 
abolition of patronage—that it repealed the statute of Anne, and took away 
the rights of property in presentation. In passing the Act of 1834, the first 
principle on which the Assembly acted was that of non intrusion; the second, 
to carry that into effect with the least objectionable encroachment on the 
rights of the patrons. That law was passed. Was anything then said to lead 

the Assembly to suppose that it was contrary to the statute law of the land? 
He must say with respect to the Right Hon. Gentleman’s answer to the 
General Assembly that he had read the whole of it with great regret. He had 
looked for a distinct argument on the great principles of constitutional law ; 

but he traced it in many marks of the partisan, and in none more than a pas- 
sage in the 2Ist page, which taunted the General Assembly in language sharp 
and laconic, with ‘having submitted the case to the Courts of Law—with 

being dissatisfied with the decision of the Court of Session, and appealing to 
the House of Lords, who affirmed the judgment of the Court of Session, 

which decision fixed the principle of law—that the judgment in the second 

case was the legal sequence of that decision, and that there again the Assembly 

shrunk before the Civil Court.”. The Church Courts had been accused of per- 

sisting in the Veto Act after the decision of the House of Lords. That was 

not exactly so. They had made several appeals to Government, and hopes 

had been excited which died. The Church of Scotland had now come to the 

House, and stated in petitions its difficulties, and asked the house to take up 

the question; and if they meant to save the Church from the disruption of its 

best and most efficient ministers, it must take the matter into its individual 

eare. He asked fora committee, the only mode in which the matter could 

be dealt with. He (Mr. F. Maule) agreed in this, and was convinced that the 

people of his country were intent on nothing so strongly as the establishment 

of the ancient Presbytery of the Church, in allits purity, and all its powers, 

as given by statute, and in all its privileges, from those granted by the Act of 

1600, down to those of the Act of Security. He had endeavoured to show that 

the claims of the Church for her own jurisdiction were founded on statutes, 

from 1767 down to the latest Act on the subject. With reference to that point, 

he proposed that the House should take into its own hands, and declare the 

matters wherein the Church and the Civil Courts respectively had jurisdiction, 

and where they should maintain their distinct provinces, so that, if conflicts 

should occur, they would be provided for. As to non-intrusion, he did not 

think it necessary to pass a sweeping Act, but a smaller measure, recognising 

that principle, would satisfy the Church, but certainly not a measure based on 

Lord Aberdeen’s bill. He trusted that the House would consent to go tnto 

committee on the subject. 

Sir JAMES GRAHAM said he wished he could convey to the House the feel- 
ings by which he was actuated at the present moment, and he was quite sure 
that the honourable gentleman would acquit him of being actuated by any- 
thing approaching a controversial spirit. He should endeavour to imitate the 
calm and dispassionate manner in which the honourable gentleman had dis- 
cussed that important question; and he could assure the House that he parti- 
cipated with him in feeling all the importance of that question to the peace 
and happiness of Scotland at the present juncture of affairs. He did not be- 
lieve that in Christendom any Church had eyer done greater good at less cost 
than the Church of Scotland to the community with which it was connected— 
(Hear, hear). The hon. gentleman had talked of misrepresentations being 
afloat. It was not unnatural that that should be so; but, on the part of the 
Government, he disclaimed most distinctly the slightest, the most remote wish, 
to change the Presbyterian discipline of the Church of Scotland. After reading 
an extract of the memortal, he said, the right hon. gentleman said that the 
claim of the independence of the Church was irresistible, and no man would 
deny that in a certain sense the independence of the Church of Scotland was 
protected by statutes ; but the Church itself had been contented in forming an 
alliance with the State, in certain particulars, to limit its independence; it 
had done so even in the most delicate points affecting its religious functions. 
At the union, the Presbyterian Church of Scotland was established on certain 
terms fixed by statute; and such was the caution of the statesmen who framed 
that measure, that they did not leave to the Church a roving power of modi- 
fying its tenets. But the Church and the State came to a solemn compact, 
even with regard to spirituals; the Church was required to bind itself to the 
confession of faith, which was for that purpose embodied in the Act itself. 
Whenever these disputes arose between two jurisdictions, supposed to be co- 
ordinate, the real question was, who should decide in the last resort. The dis- 
pute arose on the statute of Anne, two meanings being given to the words ‘fa 
qualified minister2’ The question was, should a qualified minister be taken 
on trial or not? The Auchterarder Presbytery adopted the decision of the 
Church Courts, and rejected the presentee. The Strathbogie Presbytery came 
io a directly opposite conclusion in a precisely similar case, in conformity with 
the decision of the Civil Courts. .The Civil Courts said they were bound to 
admit ‘a qualified minister.’ The Church Courts said that they were not 
only not bound to admit, but were bound not to think of adinitting, on any 
terms, a presentee against whom the Veto Act had been enforced. The right 
hon. gentlemen had said that the exercise of patronage was no vested right; but 
Was it not notorious that patronage was looked upon in Scotland as property, 
and bought and sold there every day ? He must then say, that the pretence set 
up by the Church, in bold defiance of the Courts of Law, is untenable in law 
and argument. He confessed he was still to the present moment unable to 
comprehend or collect the precise nature of the legislation which the right hon. 
gentleman, or those connected with him, would wish to recommend as 
satisfactory. As a point of form, it was undoubtedly necessary to go first 
into a committee of the whole House upon any matter that affected 
the religion of the country; but he would ask, suppose they did go into com- 
mittee, what course did the right hon. gentleman then propose to pursue? 
As to abolishing patronage, that would affect the rights of the Crown, which 
could not be touched without consent, and, under the Act of Anne, he should 
feel it his duty to withhold that consent on this occasion. It had been said 
that that Act was passed for a political purpose, but there was no authority 
for saying 80. It was in 1690, the Ist of William I[I., that the Presbytery were 
recognised; and it was well-known that the Commissioner on that occasion 
exceeded his authority and lost the confidence of his Sovereign, which was 
never after restored. The Government were anxious to leave to the Church 
all the power that belonged to it, as fixed by law, as he had stated in his 
letter to the Moderator, but when the Church set up pretensions co-ordinate 
with the jurisdiction of the Courts of Law, it was not possible for any Govern- 
ment to allow any Church to claim rights co-equal with the law of the realm. 
Indeed the claim appeared to him so completely untenable, that the sooner it 
was extinguished the better for any country where law, order, equity, justice, 
or common sense prevailed—(Cheers), : 

Sir J. GRamaAM moved for leave to bring in a Bill for regulating the employ- 
ment of children and young persons in factories, and for the better education 
of children in factory districts. He would shortly state the Bill rested mainly 
on the Report of the Committee of 1840, and was intended to supply the defects 
and omissions noticed in that Report. In the first place, he now proposed to 
make a reduction in the hours to eight-and-a-half, which were to be either in 
the forenoon or afternoon, but not re in one and partly in the other. He 
thought the age, therefore, might be Sater; Area from nine to eight. With 
respect to what were called young persons, Spel Jaw implied those who 
were of the ages of from 13 to 18. ee Nat mene Case of males, to extend 
it to 21; and in the case of those femaies W ld yh ed 12 hours, the age would 
also be extended from 18 to 21. There atali c Te ae alteration in the number 
of working hours in the case of male adults. Tt a #0 Contained various regu- 
lations as to meals, &c. It was in eenReMT ytd eo that all parents who 
chose to pay threepence a week for their eaep ets ron entitle them to all 
the advantages of the schools, which, combine Ma A ie compulsory education, 
Would go far to establish a system of instruction on a large scale.—Leave given 
to bring in a bill. 

Sir B. HaLu moved for a return 0 
under 58th Geo. III, c. 39, or Ist and 21 
Pancras Churches and Burying Grounds), 
various headings.—Agreed to. 

Dr. BowRING, in the absence 
number of troops, or corps, or regiments 0 
including those serving gratuitously, accor ( ‘ : 
distinguishing the number of officers and men in each corps ot regiment, and 
the expense of each corps in 1842; showing the manner in which the sums 
Voted for Great Britain and Ireland in that year.—Agreed to. 

SUPPLY. 
The Report of the Committee of Supply was brought up and agreed to, 


HOUSE OF LORDS—WEpNESspDAY. 
The House did not meet. 


HOUSE OF COMMONS—WeEpnespay. 
A new writ was issued for Tayistock. 


f all monies received by the trustees either 
id Geo. IV. c. 24 (Act relating to St. 
and also the expenditures under its 


e of Mr. Hume, moved for a return of the 
f effective yeomanry of Great Britain, 
ding to the last muster-roll or return; 


In reply to Mr. BLACKSTONE, Mr. GLADSTONE stated that 150 quarters of | tendency to derogate from that character for wisdom, consistency, and dis- 


wheat had been imported last week from Wolgast, at a duty of 20s. a quarter, 
the remainder of the cargo, 1,600 quarters, still remaining in warehouse. 

Mr. Hurr having moved the second reading of a bill for the naturalization of 
foreigners, 

Sir JAMES GRAHAM opposed the measure; being indisposed to detain the 
House from the adjourned debate on the Scotch Church, he declined to follow 
the mover through the details of his speech. The people of this country hada 
fair right to expect that the members of their Legislature should be natives of 
their land, and partakers of their language, their sentiments, and their habits, 
He also moved after some discussion, that the bill should be read a second 
time on that day six months. 

Mr. Hurr submitted to the rejection of his measure without a division. 

Some other orders of the day were disposed of, and the House then pro- 
ceeded to the adjourned debate, 


CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 

Mr. CUMMING BRUCE was persuaded that the concession of the claims now 
made on behalf of the Scotch Church would reduce that church from an in- 
estimable good toa great evil. He himself would never object to the juris- 
diction of the Church in spiritual matters; but he did object to her claim of an 
exclusive right to decide what matters were spiritual. The Government had 
been accused of doing nothing to settle the question; but what the Govern- 
ment had shown themselves disposed to do was even more than could be safely 
adopted. If the Church would rescind her veto law, and make the reasonable 
concessions which had been recommended on the preceding night by her most 
judicious advocate, there might be some hope of a settlement; but he trusted 
that the Legislature would never consent to 2 conclusion which would give a 
legal right of committing injuries without redress, and would release men 
from the necessary subordination to the law. 

Sir GrorGE GREY was prepared to give his vote for going into the commit- 
tee, and to follow that up by legislative measures, though he did not agree 
entirely in the propositions of Mr, F, Maule. To any resolution sanctioning 
the principle of non-intrusion, as established by the Veto Act, he would give 
his hearty consent. He would also concur in a motion for an address to the 
Crown to grant its consent to the introduction of a bill. He felt, however, 
great difficulty as to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Church in ecclesiastical 
matters ; but in the state of things which had arisen, he thought the House 
ought not to refuse to entertain the question. j 

Mr. S. WorTLEY dissented éntirely from the motion. He never would con- 
sent that the House should go into committee to consider a petition praying 
for the alteration, if not the total abolition, of patronage in the Chureh of 
Scotland. 

Sir A. L. HAY assured the House, as the advocate of neither party, that if 
they refused this committee, and checked for ever legislation on this important 
subject, they would be doing a lasting injustice and a fatal injury to the inha- 
bitants of Scotland. 

Mr, A. COCHRANE thought it a sad spectacle to see the child of the law sct 
itself up against the lav—to see that body which was the creature of the State 
place itself in hostility to it. He hoped that the Government would adopt 
some measure which would have the effect of gaining the.approbation of both 
parties. Nothing could be worse than the present uncertainty; but if the con- 
cessions asked were made, @ most serious injury would be inflicted on the 
Church itself. 

Lord JouN RussELL lamented the calamity which seemed to be now im- 
pending over the northern part of this island. The Scotch Church had been 
induced by leading men of all parties to suppose that the course taken by her 
in 1834 was free from blame, and her ministers now proved their sincerity by 
preparing to secede from the Establishinent and its endowments, rather than 
resign their conscientious convictions. The speeches of Mr. Fox Maule and 
Mr. Rutherford had not, to his mind, cleared this question from its difficulty. 
They proposed to pass some abstract resolutions in committee. He did not 
think the House could usefully deal in mere abstractions. He understood the 
principle to be, that the jurisdiction of the Church over ecclesiastical and spi- 
ritual matters was exclusive only with reference to their spiritual or eecle- 
siastical character; if they bore a civil character, the jurisdiction ceased to be 
exclusive—as, in England,.the sermons of Dr. Sacheverel, though they would 
not, in their religious character, have been cognizable but by the Church, were 
punished by the{State on account of the political admixture they contained, 
The two points insisted on were, the right of the people to resist the intrusion 
upon them of @ minister whom they disapproved, and the right of the Chureh 
to an exclusive jurisdiction over spiritual matters. On the first point he sup- 
ported the principle of the Veto Act, and expressed his conviction that the 
evils which had followed that Act had arisen, not from the Act itself, but from 
the situation in which it was left by the want of that legislative sanction 
necessary to its well working. Instances had been urged against the Veto Act, 
of meritorious ministers whom patrons had sought to promote, but whom 
congregations had rejected. The facts had not been proved; but if they had, 
he would ask whether any system of Church patronage could be found which 
would not be liable to occasional preferences of a less worthy over a worthier 
candidate? His support, therefore would be given to this motion, from a con- 
Viction in favour of the principle of Non-intrusion. On the other point, that 
of jurisdiction, he felt that there was greater difficulty: and he certainly was 
not in general desirous of increasing the powers of Ecclesiastical Courts; but 
the Church of Scotland was now represented as claiming more than she really 
claimed. She did not ask for an exclusive jurisdiction to determine what was 
spiritual and what was civil; she asked only for a concurrent jurisdiction with 
the civil courts on this point. When he saw the nature of some of the deci- 
sions pronounced by the courts of law, and the strictly spiritual character of 
some of the subjects to which their interdicts extended, he could not but think 
it necessary that the Legislature should do something to terminate these pro- 
ceedings; and he trusted it might not be impracticable for Parliament to define 
the boundaries of the two classes of questions. He adjured the House to con- 
atte We Soa eee a paich this subject had excited in Scotland, 
neglect of that fecling, quences which would cnsue to the Church from the 
Ra PAW heard it asserted that the pretensions of the Church 

_ scotland should be extinguished; but he would tell the House that. the 
principles of civil and religious liberty would never be extinguished in Scot- 
land. He supported the motion. 

The SOLICITOR-GRNERAL entered into an able exposition of the statutes on 
which the Church of Scotland was established and regulated, and maintained 
that the principle of patronage was ciearly acknowledged and recognised by 
them. The General Assembly ought to have paid obedience to the law, as pro- 
nounced by the highest tribunal in the kingdom. The effect of the resolution 
proposed would be to put on record the opinion of the House as being that the 
statute of Anne was not binding, and that patronage in Scotland should be 
abolished. To these principles he could not assent, and therefore he should be 
obliged to vote against the motion, 

Sir Robert PEEL believed the crisis to be an important one, for the in- 
terests of religion, the social state of Scotland, and the dignity of the law. 
He saw a Church constituted by statute, at variance with those counts by which 
statutes are interpreted. He had personal opportunities, in his official capa- 
city, of knowing and estimating the high worth of the Scottish ministers, and 
he bore his fullest testimony to their merits. To go into committee on this 
petition, and propose something either at variance with its claims or very far 
short of them, would be but a mockery: the true question was, whether the 
House were prepared to assent to those claims; and he desired that it might 
not be understood that because he refused that assent, he therefere refused to 
legislate at all. There were two questions—patronayze and jurisdiction. Pa- 
tronage had co-existed with the Presbytery from very early times, as appeared, 
not only from statutes, but from declarations of the Church herself, as ancient 
as the 16th century. After quoting authorities in support of this proposition, 
he declared his opinion against popular election in the case of the clergy ; and 
thus, both on precedent and on principle, he opposed the claim of the Church 
as respécted patronage. He apprehended it to be impossible that any law 
could be framed which should adequately define the limits between civil and 
spiritual matters. He adverted to the appeals decided by the House of Lords, 
and declared his persuasion, that if the sentence of that highest tribunal was 
to be treated as a nullity, there was no security for the law—nay, no security 
for civil liberty itself. ‘The Assembly assumed to appoint @ minister of its 
own to do the spiritual duty, and leave another minister entitled to the tem- 
poralities. In taking away the title to the spiritual functions, did it not take 
away the title to the temporal possessions? Did it not inflict a degradation, 
a loss of influence and character, the severest penalties that could be attached, 
upon the minister? and was this the exercise of a merely spiritual power? 
The early history of England, down to the reign of Henry VIII., clearly 
showed the impracticability of any definition of the limits between the civil 
and the ecclesiastical jurisdictions. A Church, claiming the benefit of an es- 
tablishment—a Church ‘allied with the State, must submit to the laws of that 
State, and to the decisions of itssupreme tribunal. For these reasons, he re- 
fused his consent to this motion. He rejoiced in the growth of religious feel- 
ing in Scotland; he hoped it would not be accompanied with an attempt at 
spiritual supremacy. Nothing but evil could arise from the establishment of 
ecclesiastical domination above the authority of law. 

Mr. Fox MAULE replied. He first addressed himself to the legal argument 
of the Solicitor-General on the subject of jurisdiction, aud then discussed the 
principle of the Veto Act. ; : 

The House then divided—Against the motion, 211; for it, 76. Majority 


against it, 135. 
HOUSE OF LORDS—Tuurspay. 

The Bishop of Herr¥orD presented several petitions in favour of Church 
extension. 

THE TREATY WITH PORTUGAL. : 

The Earl of CLARENDON inquired whether the Secretary for Foreign Affairs 
had received any answer to his wltimatum—and if so, what that answer was? 

The Earl of ABERDEEN replied, that fresh proposals had been made by the 
Portuguese Government, going some considerable way to meet the views of 
her Majesty’s Government; but as he only reccived the despatches yesterday, 
he had not yet had time to examine them. 

*PROCLAMATIONS OF LORD ELLENBOROUGH. 

The Marquis of CLANRICARDE said that it was now his duty to make the 
motion of which notice had beengiven, andhe could assure their lordships that 
he felt he had undertaken a most painful task ; but he felt it was his duty to set 
aside all personal feelings ; and he was well assured if their lordships, in refer- 
ence to the documents which he should submit to their notice, should agree 
with him that their publication was unwise and imprudent, that they had a 


cretion, which it was most essential that the Government in India, no matter 
by whom administered, should always possess ; they would set aside all per- 
sonal and party feeling, and they would not hesitate to do their duty by re- 
cording a severe, but temperate, expression of their opinion on the subject. 
The proclamation he meant was, that of the Ist of October, 1842, two-thirds 
of which their lordships would see conveyed a direct censure on the acts and 
policy of the previous Indian Government. ‘That was what he complained 
of — (Hear, hear, hear). It was a most uncalled-for document. Wheu 
the proclamation was first published, it was not believed that it Was, or 
that it could be, true. It was thought to be one of those strokes of wit 
which were vulgarly callel a “hoax”—or a parody on one of those 
inflated effusions which came from the French some forty years ago. The 
noble Lord concluded by moving the following resolution :—“That this House 
has seen with regret and disapprobration the proclamation of the Governor 
General of India, dated Ist of October last, and his letter to the princes, chiefs, 
and people of India of the 16th of November, because those papers may tend 
to mislead the native population with respect to the motives and conduct of 
the British Government in India—may excite religious dissensions—may be 
construed into a direct countenance of gross superstition, and are calculated 
to introduce the practice, hitherto unknown to an Indian Administration, of 
publicly commenting on and reflecting upon the previous acts and policy of 
the Government, thereby interfering with that conviction of permanence and 
stability which is essential to the interests of the British empire in India.’ On 
the question being put, 

The Duke of WELLINGTON condemned, as unusual and unjust, the construc- 
tion of a cumulative resolution like that proposed by Lord Clanricarde, upon 
two papers written on subjects entirely distinct. In one document not a word 
was said that could be even supposed to reflect on the acts of Lord Auckland ; 
and in the other there was not even a hint at the gates of Somnauth. Yet on 
these two a resolution of condemnation had been framed. In fact, it had be- 
come absolutely necessary for Lord Ellenborough to publish the proclamation, 
on account of the previous one issued by bis predecessor. Lord Auckland had, 
in October, 1838, published a declaration, in which was set forth the circum- 
stances attending the commencement of the operations, and arrangements 
that were determined on; and as it fell to the lot of Lord Ellenborough to put 
an end to these arrangements, it was desirable and right for him to make 
known the then existing state of things, in what form he had found affairs, 
and what he intended to do. The errors alluded to by Lord Ellenborough were 
not the errors of the policy of his predecessors, but the errors that had been 
committed by the expedition. These errors were many and great. That of 
forming an army for the Affghan Sovereign, composed of Englishmen and 
Hindoos—but not of Affghans—who were involved in all the details of his 
revenue and Government, was one great error. Neverjhaving properly occu- 
pied, indeed scarcely having conquered, the territory, was another. The Resi- 
dent at Cabool, not being a military officer, was a third. These and others of 
a like nature were the errors to which Lord Ellenborough adverted to in his 
proclamation as having led to the disasters that he had to repair. With 
respect to the Somnauth triumph, the gates were ordered to be carried 
away simply as a trophy of the enemy’s successful march. Neither Mos- 
lem, nor Jew, nor Hindoo was excepted from bearing a part in this 
triumphant; all of them had been parties to the great service performed at 
Ghuznee, and they all joined in celebrating the triumph. No danger possibly 
existed of irreligious animosities being excited between the Hindoos and Mos- 
lems by this letter; the only danger of such an occasion would arise from 
motions similar to that made by Lord Clanricarde, diffused and enlarged upon 
by the licentious press here and in India. It was absurd to suppose that 
this paper gave any encouragement tu idolatry. The temple never had been a 
Hindoo temple at all. Nobody knew, in truth, what it had been. At all events, 
there was none remaining now in India of that particular idolatrous sect, for 
whose worship this temple had been originally designed. Moreover, the 
words used by Lord Ellenborough in the identical document in question, 
were the strongest refutation possible of the unfounded charge made 
against him of giving encouragement to idolatry. His Grace con- 
cluded an energetic and convincing speech by calling on_ their 
Lordships to reject the motion of the Noble Marquis. There is 
nothing in that proclamation but what is strictly true and strictly the 
fact—(Hear, hear). It is strictly true and strictly the fact that treaties were 
made—that a Sovereign was placed on the throne of Affghanistan—that that 
Sovereign was suspected of treachery, and was assassinated, and that terrible 
disasters subsequently happened—and_ those dissasters were described as alto- 
gether unparalleled in their extent. These disasters to which his noble friend 
alluded in his proclamation were military disasters. Now what was said with 
reference to the conveyance of those gates by the Governor? Did he say he 
would not allow the Moslem part of the military to take a share in conveying 
those gates? No! There is no distinction of that sort made—there is no dis- 
inction in that order of Moslem, Hindoo, or Christian—for they are all directed 
to go together to convey the gates as a trophy of the triumph of their arms, as 
they were all parties in the great triumph which was obtained at Ghuznee, and, 
of course, they were all equally concerned in assisting in this marchof triumph 
—(Cheers). If the Governor-General of India were conscious that his order 
would give rise to those feelings which are described by the noble marquis as 
calculated to spring froin it, is it to be supposed that he would have given that 
order?—(Hear, hear). With respect to the opinion of the noble lord that his 
noble friend encouraged idolatry, he must say that his noble friend is, of all 
other men who ever had the honour of serving her Majesty abroad, the indivi- 
dual whom he should look upon as the last man in the world capable of 
countenancing idolatry—(Cheers). Charity enjoins truth, but truth appears 
here to be overlooked by fancy—charity appears to be founded on fancy, and 
not at all upon truth—{‘‘ Hear, hear, hear,” and cheers). After several other 
stringent remarks, the Duke of Wellington concluded amidst loud cheers. 

The Earl of AUCKLAND made an answer to an observation made by the 
noble duke. 

Lord ConcuEsTER defended the Governor-General of India from the charge 
of wishing to put forward accusations against his predecessors. 

The Bishop of LLANDAF¥ expressed his belief that the construction which 
had been put on Lord Ellenborough’s proclamation was the result of mistake. 

The Bishop of Noxw1icH could not conceive it possible that the Governor- 
General wished to encourage idolatry. 

The Bishop of Cu1cursTER regretted the selection of the gates of Somnauth 
as a trophy of war. : 

The Earl of CLARENDON should vote for the motion, 

Lord FirzGERALD answered the last speaker, and defended Lord Ellen- 
borough at great length. 

Lord BRouGHAM said that the Governor-General of India had been accused 
of gross indiscretion, amounting almost to a deprivation of reason, of all but 
impiety, of slowness in the performance of his duty, of timidity, of vacillation 
by his slanderers out of doors; but after the discussion of the subject in Par- 
liament, the same result followed which always attended the discussion of a 
disputed point in Parliament, and there was abroad a very different feeling 
since the discussion—(Hear). He complained, on the part of the Governor- 
Genoral of India, of the misinterpretation of every part of his conduct in 
India; he complained that, with respect to that noble lord’s proceedings as 
Governor-General of India, falsehood had assumed every shape and guise 
with which malignity could clothe it; and yet, when the case was examined, 
and those charges inquired into, they all vanished into an atmosphere as thin 
as the charges of timidity and vacillation. Lord Ellenborough had not passed 
any censure on his predecessors; but even if he had done so, there would have 
been no departure from precedent, nor would any danger have resulted to 
India. He came to that part of the subject which related to the gates of Som- 
nauth, and he denied that the removal of those gates could give triumph to 
either Mahomedans or Hindoos. Mahomed of Ghuznee had a religious motive 
in taking these gates, and the interest which they inspired in India was shown 
by the desire of Runjut Sung, who was not a Hindoo, but belonged to a sect 
abhorred by the Hindoos, to obtain possession of these gates, not from any 
religious motive, but simply because he regarded them as a national trophy. 
It was on that ground that Runjut Sung desired these gates; and those who 
thought that love of sect was superior to the desire of national glory, showed 
profound ignorance. The characters of public men, it had been so frequently 
observed as almost to have passed into a proverbial aphorism, were public 
property at all times, and public property of the most valuable kind. It, 
therefore, became the duty of other public men, and of the public for whom 
they consulted, and whose representatives they were, it became the duty of 
public men to protect one another; and this was the duty of their lordships 
in the present case, rather than to slander and malign the character of an 
absent man, and to give a verdict of guilty on one so exalted, but by distance 
so removed; and he trusted and believed that their lordships, acting upon that 
Hoe of duty, would almost unanimously pronounce a verdict of acquittal— 

lear, hear). 

The Margath of LANSDOWNE rose for the purpose of defending the late 
Government. 

The Marquis of CLANRICARDE replied. 

The House then divided, and the numbers were—For the motion, 25; against 
it, 83: Majority against the motion, 53. 

Their lordships then adjourned at a quarter to Twelve. 


HOUSE OF COMMONS—Tuvrspay. 


A resolution similar in its intention to that proposed in the House of Peers, 
yet differing from it in being based on the general orders of the 16th of Nov., 
and the letter to the princes alone, was submitted by Mr. V. Smiru. The 
substance of this resolution was a declaration that the conduct of Lord Ellen- 
borough was unwise, indecorous, and reprehensible. 

Mr. MAcautay, Mr. MAnaues, Mr. HuME, Sir G. Grey, Lord PALMERS- 
ron, and Lord J. RusseLL, were the speakers in support of the motion; it 5 
was opposed by Mr. E. TENNENT, Mr. Hoge, Mr. Escorr, Mr. C. Wynn, 

Lord STANLEY, and Sir Robert PEEL. 

On a division, the motion was negatived by a majority of 85—there being 157 

for and 242 against it—Adjourned at {wo o’clock. 


HOUSE OF LORDS—Frinay. 


Their Jordships adjourned, after the presentation of some petitions, without 
transacting any business of importance or interest. 


HOUSE OF COMMONS—Frinay. 
There were only thirty-four members present at four o’clock.—Adjourned« 


THE ILLUSTRATED WHEKLY TIMES. 


| LATA 
TULL LLL LLM 
= Ss 


LSND THON NAN TANT 1° 


CHAPEL ROYAL, ST. JAMES’S. 


There is no royal road to Heaven. The mightiest monarch and 
the meanest serf must bow at the same fvotstool—must indulge 
the same penitential feeling—must pursue the same rugged path 
of moral integrity, or the desired haven is never attained. There 
are, however, certain decencies to be observed in the outward 
forms of divine worship, the absence of which, we think, are in- 
sulting to the object we adore. During the theocratic era of the 
Jews, the ALMIGHTY actually condescended to point out the pecu- 
liar style and form of his earthly tabernacle; and when Israel 
chose a monarch, we find one of her best and wisest kings ex- 
pending the wealth and energics of a nation in the erection of a 
magnificent temple. A man who deems any place fit for the 
celebration of public worship, or who would enter upon so sacred a 
ceremony unshaven, or in slovenly habits, has no true estimation of 
the magnificence of a Supreme Being, who demands the homage of 
the body as well as of the soul. Thus, while we hate and abhor the 
unnecessary expenditures, the solemn pomp and the com- 
pulsive levies of a dominant Church, we should be the first to regret 
the introduction of that order of sacred architecture where economy 
is the only object in view, and where all ornament is ruthlessly ex- 
cluded. Our dissenting brethren, we rejoice to say, have caught 
our spirit, and the barn-like meeting-house has been replaced by 
the elegant Gothic or Grecian superstructure. 

In the engraving, we present our readers with a view of the in- 
terior of the Chapel Royal of St. James’s, the spot where many 
a powerful monarch has bowed before the Majesty of Heaven. This 
chapel is very ancient, being, in fact, the same which belonged to 
the Hospital of St. James before its dissolution, in the reign of 
Henry VIII. After the removal of the brethren and sisters of this 
hospital, the bluff King Harry demolished a great part of the old 


fabric, and on its site built the present gloomy prison-like palace of 
St. James—the chapel being left nearly in its original integrity. 
Here, then, have worshipped all our reigning sovereigns since the 
daysof Henry ; here, too, on every Sabbath during her residence in 
town, our own gracious Queen acknowledges the infinite majesty 
of the King of kings, and Lord of lords. Our readers, are aware no 
doubt, that owing to distressing circumstances, it has been deemed 
best to build a chapel in conjunction with Buckingham Palace. 
Sad reflection that our Qucen cannot pass to her devotions in 
safety ! 

There are forty-eight chaplains who preach in turn before the 
Royal Family ; but few, however, of that number officiate in this 
chapel. The establishment consists of a Dean, usually the Bishop 
of London, who has @ salary of two hundred pounds per annum ; a 
Lord High Almoner, @ Sub-Almoner, whose salary is £97 11s. 8d. 
per annum; a Clerk of the Queen's Closet, who has beneath him 
three Deputy Clerks, and a Closet Keeper, the latter of whom is 
allowed £41 per annum, besides £50 for necessaries, and £31 5s. 
for washing and linen. Besides these there are some inferior 
officers, such as choristers, &c. 

In addition to these there are sixteen Gentlemen of the Chapel 
Royal, who havea salary of £73 per annum each ; and five Clergy- 
men, and eight Gentlemen in Waiting. The organist and com- 
poser has a salary of £146 per annum ; the second organist 
£41 10s.; the violist £40; and the lutanist £41 10s. yearly. 
The two latter offices are sinecures, held by two gentlemen of 
the Chapel. The sergeant of the vestry has a salary of £182 2s. 
perannum; the groom of the vestry £51 12s. 5 the yeoman of 
the vestry £54 15s. In addition there are maintained and taught 
ten children of the Chapel Royal, atan expense of £320 per annum, 


THE COMMERCIAL DOCKS. 


The subject of our illustration is the first wet-dock which was 


miserable fishing village. The possession of the docks were 


made on the Riyer Thames in or near London. The example was | incorporated by Act of Parliament in the year 1709, and its posi- 


_ set by the city of Liverpool, which was then little more than a! tion gradually increased its importance ; for as the vessels founda 


favourable harbourage, they gradually collected, bringing their 
trade, which created employment, and gave an impulse to popula- 
tion. The barren beach became clothed with the temples of 
trade, and the fisher-huts gave place for the dwellings of the mer- 
chants. The day was when a dock was a curiosity and a wonder, 
but that has long past. In London there are now many. The 
Commercial (which was until very lately called the Greenland and 
Commercial Docks) was intended and principally used as a deposi- 
tory for articles of trade imported from America, the north of 
Europe, and the whale fisheries, a pool being reserved expressly 
for the latter, and for the convenience of which cellars were sunk, 
and dry and commodious warehouses and offices were erected, not 
only for the purpose of storing the cargoes, but also of melting 
them. Hemp, corn, timber, and bar-iron is usually stored there, 
and it is now principally used for that purpose, being particularly 
adapted for such stores. The logs of the Canadian forests, and 
those of the regions of the Baltic, line its immense area, affording 
a pleasant shelter for the perch which securely bask beneath its 
sombre waters undisturbed, unless when the logs are removed for 
the purposes of commerce, or when the permission of the di- 
rectors is obtained for a day’s vocation in ‘‘ the gentle science.” 
The fish in the pools of the dock grow to a large size, and are 
sometimes taken much exceeding the average of even fine fish. 

The subject of our heading and ecommerce are closely and 
intimately interwoven, so much so that it were scarcely possible 
to speak of the former without connecting the latter with it; for 
the rivers, the harbours, and the docks are the sinews of commerce, 
while enterprise is the life and the directing spirit. By commerce 
nations have risen, and while it has been fostered and nourished 
they have been healthful and vigorous—extending the blessing of 
prosperity to its members, and enabling the meanest of her citizens 
to revel in comparative plenty ; but when neglected, it has perished, 
and in its fall has crushed the state, the miserable policy of which 
had poisoned that which was its life and its being, and by which 
only it would thrive. England, a tiny spot in the North Sea, and 
which even ina map of the world of some pretensions it would 
be difficult to discover, unless her whereabout was previously known, 
has spread herself over the face of the known world. Wasit by the 
splendour of her attainments, by the vastness of her possessions, 
or the invincible and inflexible bravery and hardihoods of the 
denizens of her soil? It was by the splendour of an attainment 
rightly directed by the far-sighted politicians who took for their 
guide reason, and enacted laws which nursed the timid babe until 
it grew to bea Titan ; it was to the position, not to the extent of her 
territories, that she partly owed her grandeur; but it was still 
more owing to those minds who saw those capabilities through the 
dim mists of the future, and strengthened the germ, and by the aid 
of good Jaws and premiums for exertions fostered it until it bore 
rich and plenteous fruit. It is to her commerce that England 
owes her eminence in the scale of nations—an eminence which 
territory could never give, because it must be bounded; whereas, 
the resources of commerce are unbounded, for whilst the world 
is inhabited commerce must flourish. 

Hence she derived her power—a power which bid defiance 
to the congregated nations of Europe, directed perhaps by the 
greatest intellect which ever governed a mortal’s acts. It was this 
which supplied the means. It manned her ships, and gave her 
peace and security at home, while the Continent of Europe was 
deluged with blood, and shrouded ’neath the gloom of an iron des- 
potism. In England the sound of mirth was heard, for commerce 
had given her security, richness, and happiness, at the time when 
on the neighbouring nations the hand of fate was heavy. The 
wail and the ery was ringing o’er their plains, for their hearths were 
desolate and their dwellings deserted. 

But for England, a happier lot was reserved; she had cultivated 
the only means which could have preserved her from the ambition 
which desolated Europe. 


Portraits of Gmitnent Mivines. 


eect 
No. I.—THE HON. AND REV. BAPTIST NOEL. 


The reverend gentleman whose portrait adorns our pages this 
week, is ever foremost in labours of love and philanthropy. Un- 
like many of his clerical brethren, bis views are decidedly liberal, 
and both the platform and the press have been the witnesses of his 
untiring zeal in the cause of bis suffering countrymen. When the 
Corn-law question began first to agitate the nation, Mr. Noel 
stepped forth at once, and, without disguise, took his stand as au 
abolitionist of monopolies, and backed his position by arguments 
alike honourable to his head and his heart. Our readers may 
recollect, aswell as ourselves, the chagrin of the monopolists, when 
despite the well known liberalism of the Rey. Baptist Noel, our 
gracious Queen created him one of her own chaplains. Would to 
God she had ever acted thus firmly and consistently in the choice 
of her officers!) Mr. Noel preaches at the Chapel in Bedford-row, 
and the overflowing congregations which ever greet his view, whether 
at home oron his missionary tours through the provinces, testify 
fully his powers as a minister of the gospel. 


THE ILLUSTRATED WHEKLY TIMES. 5 


Che Castles of England, 
—>—. 
ARUNDEL CASTLE. 


HE brave castles of England! hoary records of 
feudal pomp and power! well have they been desig- 
nated ‘the landmarks of our country’s history.” 
We look upon them, and the dull imagination is 


roused into activity; and Romance, like the skilful wizard, 
conjures from the tomb of the Past a thousand breathing forms. 
The warder’s horn, the prancing steed, the glittering mail, 
the sheen of spears, the shout of triumph, the yell of death, 
the noise of revelry, the groan of the captive —all, all are 
present to the eye and ear! What matters it that their 
walls are crumbling? We ascend the dangerous steps, and 
instinctively look out for the hostile leaguer! The donjon- 
keep is open to the beast of prey, or the gentle sheep hides there 
from the unkindly storm ; yet we descend, and listen for the cap- 
tive’s sigh—the rattle of his iron bonds! Roofless is the baronial 
hall; yet to our mind’s eye appear the mighty table groaning be- 
neath the lavish hospitality of its lord—the burning yule—the 
trophies of war—the mailed revellers! We pity that man who 
cannot see as we see, and hear as we hear—who cannot clothe the 
ruined wall with a thousand fendal glories, and catch, in the breeze 
that sighs o’er the mouldering battlement, the song of the man-at- 
arms. 


Loving, as we do, our ancient castles, we shall, with the permis- 
sion of our friends, give a sketch of them, week after week. Begin 
we then with the home of the ancient “ Counts of Arundel.” 


“ Since William rose and Harold fell, 
There have been Counts of Arundel.” 


The Castle of Arundel, in Sussex, is the principal seat of his 
Grace the Duke of Norfolk, K.G., and is remarkable for its great 
antiquity. It has also the privilege of conferring upon its possessor 
the title of Earl, The first mention of this place is in the will of 
Alfred the Great, who bequeathed it, with other possessions, to his 
nephew Athelm. 


The noble castle and domain of Arundel came into the posses- 
sion of the present family in the 16th century. Philip Howard, 
the first possessor of that name, was the issue of a marriage between 
a descendant of the Fitzalan family and Thomas Howard, fourth 
Duke of Norfolk. 


MN 


" [View of St. Thomas’s. ] 


The royal mail steam-packet Forth, Commander Fayrer, from 
St. Thomas’s, which place she left on Thursday last, arrived at 
ermuda on Feb. 14th, brought the first accounts of this tremen- 
dous visitation. The first shock took place on the 8th of February, 
at thirty minutes after ten o’clock A.M. A confused hissing sound 


was heard, and then the earth began to tremble violently. Every- 
thing was on the move, the glass windows in the houses rattling, 
and the plaster falling off. Doors and window shutters swung 
upon their hinges, pots, pans, and tins, suspended from the ceiling 
of the shops and stores, played tunes upon each other, bottles 


were flung off the shelves, and glasses danced and jingled on the 
side boards. All this occurred in about two minutes, and fortu- 
nately passed off without doing much damage to property. The 
people were dreadfully alarmed. Some of the black women 
dropped on their knees in the streets, and offered up prayers for 
their safety ; whilst those who spoke Spanish cried out, “ Oh, 
Santa Maria, misericordia, misericordia a nosotros!’ Oh, 
Holy Mary! pity us.” Some ran to the sea-side to get into the 
boats, some moved about in a state of distraction, not knowing 
where to go, whilst others stood as if transfixed upon the spot ; 
and one lady actually died of fright. A ball, which was to have 
taken place in the evening, and which promised to be a brilliant 
one, the officers of all the steamers of the Royal Mail Packet 
Company and of a Spanish man-of-war, &¢., then in harbour, 
having been invited, was postponed in consequence The shock 
(or rather vibration), came not perpendicularly, but horizontally— 
then a perfect calm. All business was suspended, and the fright- 
ened inhabitants hastened to return thanks to Divine Providence, 
at their respective places of worship, for their escape from 
destruction. 

At St. Christopher’s the shock was very severe. There was no 
doubt about the time of the shock’s occurrence, as the clocks all 
stopped at half-past ten o’clock A.M. The following are the chief 
casualties:—Three women were washing clothes in a stream, sur- 
rounded on either side by a high ridge of rocks; the rocks were 
split asunder, and, tumbling down upon them, crushed them 
almost to pieces. ‘Two died soon after, and the third was scarcely 
expected to survive. The walls of the church were so cracked, 
particularly in the north and south aisles, that it is dangerous to 
approach them, and some of the monuments on the walls are 
broken, and the gaol so shattered that the prisoners had to be 
removed. The Female Benevolent Institution was much damaged. 
The stores of Messrs. Matthews were entirely destroyed. Scarcely 
a stone or brick building has escaped without damage. It was 
stated, as a singulur coincidence, that exactly that day ten years, 
in the evening, a similar shock had been felt, though not quite so 
severe. A committee was appointed to take the whole matter into 
consideration and devise the best means that could be adopted 
under the circumstances. The loss of property was estimated to 
be above £100,000 sterling, but this was mere conjecture, as no 
accurate investigation had yet taken place. 

Nevis suffered severely. The shock was felt at the same minute 
as in St. Kitt’s and St. Thomas’s, and the clocks stopped at the 
same time. The force of the shock seemed to have been expended 
in a direction from south-west to north-east, and was supposed to 
have destroyed property to the amount of from £40,000 to £50,000 
sterling, but fortunately no lives were lost. 

Melancholy and disastrous as the consequences were at the other 
islands, they were but as dust in the balance when compared with 
the ravages it had inflicted upon Antigua. The shock was felt 
about the same time as in the other islands, and is reported to have 
been of the most terrific nature. The earth heaved and undulated 
like the waves of the sea; rocks were riven in pieces; the top of 
Monk?s-hill and some others came tumbling down their sides, 
stripping them of their verdure, and leaving behind a track barren 
as a road; houses and buildings of every kind were rocked to and 
fro like cradles, and men reeled and staggered in the streets and 
fields as if intoxicated, or standing upon the deck of a rolling ves- 
sel. The scene in the town of St. John’s baffles all description : 
houses levelled with the ground, clouds of dust ascending from 
them and thickening the atmosphere, the crash of falling walls, 
the breaking of glass and crockery, the smashing of floors and fur- 
niture of all kinds—men, women, and children rushing from their 
houses screaming and shrieking, and the groans of the dying com- 
mingled with the low rumbling noise of the earthquake itself, 
altogether presented a scene of terror and alarm which language 
fails to portray, and the mind almost shudders to contemplate. 
Five minutes before and the sun poured down his fervid flood of 
light o’er a scene of quiet industry and placid beauty; now he 
shone o’er one of wreck and ruin, devastation and death. No 
wonder that the people in general, even after all danger had passed. 
over, were so bewildered and stupified, that they were for a time 
almost bereaved of their senses ; whilst those whose houses had been 
destroyed, andthe mangled bodies of whose friends lay smothered be- 
neath them, wandered about in an agonizing and mournful state of 
distraction, not knowing how to assuage their grief, or where to hide 
their heads. It was preceded by a rise of the tide of above four feet, 
and lasted about two or three minutes. Eight lives have been lost, 
There is scarcely a mill left standing in the whole island but three 
or four; nora set of sugarworks, but is either destroyed or so 
damaged, that they are rendered useless for the present. Every 
church and chapel either laid prostrate or so damaged that 
it is dangerous to approach or enter them, except the Mo- 
ravian Chapel, which was a wooden one; and on the Sunday 
succeeding the Archdeacon had to perform divine service in a 
tent pitched in front of Government-house. The old cathedral, 
which had stood the brunt of time for 150 years, has had the roof 
so twisted upon the walls, and is otherwise so injured, that it 
threatens to fall. The Methodist chapel recently built, which cost 
£8,000 sterling, and was adapted to contain 2,500 people, is rent in 
pieces. The Tower, Court-house, Public Arsenal, Police-office, 
Lunatic Asylum, Gaol, Barracks, Custom-house, and, indeed, 
every public building in the island, except, I believe, Government- 
house, have sustained serious damage. In fact, it may be summed 
up by stating, that every house or building composed of mason- 
work has suffered more or less, whilst those of wood have received 
little or no injury. 

At English Harbour the damage done is immense, and the bar- 
racks upon Shirley height are so much injured, that the soldiers 
have been obliged to evacuate them and encamp in tents upon the 
hill side. 

The little town of Falmouth has also suffered severely; the 
church and school-house are a mass of ruins, and every stone or 
brick building was damaged more or less. 

Soon after the shock at Antigua, the governor despatched the 
man-of-war schooner Griffin to Montserrat to obtain intelligence 
of the event there. This island had also sustained considerable 
damage. Five lives had been lost, and considerable loss of property 
had taken place. 

No accurate intelligence had arrived respecting Guadaloupe 
when we left, but the captain ofa merchant vessel reported that he 
was sailing near the coast at the time, and saw clouds of dust and 
smoke, &c. ascend from it; that he could discern the people 
running out of their houses and dropping on their knees ; and that 
the deck of his vessel was so covered with dust or ashes that he 
could write his name with his finger upon it. 

From Dominica, Martinique, or St. Lucia, nothing had been 
heard, though it is to be feared they also have suffered, especially 
Dominica, from its proximity to the apparent centre of the com- 
motion in the earth, which was supposed to have been about Gua- 
daloupe or Antigua; because intelligence had been received from 
Barbadoes and St. Vincent’s, which stated that in both those islands 
the shock had been felt smartly, but no damage had been done. It 
is rational, therefore, to suppose that the chief force has been ex- 
pended about the centre of the chain of islands, and that it became 
less powerful as it diverged north and south. 


Cress Piayinc Exrraorprnary.—At Munich, a game of chess wag 
played, the courtiers acting as men. Pawns, knights, bishops, &c., 
then danced a quadrille. 


THE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY TI 


HFoveign Lntelligence. 
———~<@-—_——- 

France.—The debate on the secret service money in the French 
Chamber has ended in the most signal victory which the Ministers have 
gained since the last elections. ‘The majority of 45 considerably exceeds 
the most sanguine hopes of their friends; and it has annihilated the 
intrigues of the motley party which had combined to overthrow the 
Cabinet. This vote of the Chamber has been given, not to the loudest 
declaimer, but to the firmest reasoner, M. de Lamartine was right, 
and M. Guizot demonstrated it with consummate ability. France is not 
the France of Louis X1V., seeking to establish the ascendancy of Court 
intrigue over the Council of Castille ; and still Jess is the constitutional 
crown of Isabella I]. thesymbol of a power held in vassalage to Ver- 
sailles. France is not the France whose revolutionary armies swept 
over Europe ; but still less is Europe divided against itself, and open to 
her impetuous invasion. The times and the relative positions of nations 
are changed ; and whilst the vapouring assailants of the French Go- 
vernment are intent on reviving the spirit of political knight-errantry, 
or the more modern adventures of highway-robbery, that Government 
is labouring, not without success, to establish and observe those equal 
and reciprocal rights between herself and other states which are the 
true basis of national dignity, and the only secure foundation of lasting 
peace. . The Phare des Pyrénées of the Ist inst. announces that M. de 
Lesseps, the Consul of France at Barcelona, and Captain Gatiier, com- 
mander of the French station on the coast of Catalonia, had been created 
Knights of the Order of the Polar Star by the King of Sweden The 
Minister for Foreign Affairs of Portugal had forwarded to M. de Lesseps 
a letter of thanks for the services he had rendered to the Portuguese 
subjects during the bombardment, and the Syndic of Andorre had also 
offered thanks to that functionary in the name of that republic for the 
protection he had granted to the Andorrans during the late revolt. Itis 
not thought that the Chamber of Deputies will agree to the demand, about 
to be made by M. Jaubert, for halfa million sterling, to complete the 
junction between the Louvre and the Tuileries. In the present state of 
French finance, and the backward state of railroads, it would neither 
be fair nor wise to increase the enormous amount of public works. The 
Paris papers of Wednesday state the bureaux of the Chamber of 
Deputies have rejected the proposition of M. Jaubert for devoting 
16,000,000 of franes to the repairs and completion of the Louvre. The 
ground on which the proposition was rejected is, that it is neither pru- 
dent nor legal to allow the Ministry of Public Works to meddle with 
the Crown domains. The bureaux, however, unanimously expressed 
their anxiety to have the Louvre completed by the proper authorities. 


Spain.—A statement highly discreditable to the Spanish government, 
if correct and acted upon, has appeared in most of the journals here 
during the last few days. This is the imputed intention of autho- 
rising and ordering the officers of the army to vote at the elections in 
their respective districts, That the provincial deputation of Badajos, 
either on their own responsibility or by the advice of the government, 
have taken this view of the electoral law, there can be no doubt, 
2 protest from a part of that deputation against the decision of 
their colleagues having appeared in the Madrid journals, Even 
supposing the electoral law capable of such a construction, which, 
according to the protest of the dissentient members of the provincial 
deputation of Bajados, it is not, it would be much more prudentand con- 
stitutional, on the part of the government, to decline the votes of the 
army. The division, intrigue, and perversity of party undoubtedly 
furnish not only provocation, but sound reasons for taking all legal 
means in their power to defeat the scandalous plan in existence for ren- 
dering all government impossible ; but a triumph purchased by means 
like these would surely be worse than defeat. Accounts from Madrid 
mention that the preparatory elections commenced onthe 27th ult. 
In eleven of the twelve colleges the candidates returned to constitute 
the respective committees were favourable to the Ministry. Few elec- 
tors, however, came forward ; in several colleges composed of 500, not 
more than 65 took part in the operations. On the 27th, being the 
Regent’s birth-day, a grand levee was held at the palace of Buena 
Vista. ‘The civil and military authorities, the ayuntamiento, and the 
officers of the National Guard, waited upon him to offer their congra- 
tulations; and in the evening the Regent proceeded to the hospital of 
Atocha, and dined with his old companions in arms, M. Salamanca is 
to leave Madrid ina few days for Paris and London. His object, it is 
believed, is to organise a company of English, French, and Spanish ca- 
pitalists, for the purpose of bidding for the Almaden quicksilver contract. 
‘The Madrid journals of the Ist instant have been received. They are 
unusually barren of interest, the subject of the elections being the all- 
absorbing topic. The election in the capital continued to proceed 
favourably for the ministerial candidates. The accounts from the pro- 
vinces are rather more in favour of the opposition. 


Porrucar.—At length the tariff convention may be considered as 
brought to a favourable conclusion. The Portuguese negotiators have 
abated their immoderate pretensions, and acceded to the reasonable 
demands of England to an extent which there is little doubt will be 
deemed satisfactory by the British Government. After a ministerial 
council, in which the subject was maturely discussed, the Duke of Pal- 
mella presented to Lord Howard the really final proposition on the part 
of Portugal, which has been forwarded to Lord Aberdeen. In this 
proposal, Portugal offers to reduce the import duty on Newfound- 
land cured fish, from 16 to 8 testoons the quintal, and upon woollen 
goods generally, to duties which will average about 35 per cent. ad 
valorem, A drawback will be conceded in favour of Portuguese enter- 
prise, if any really valuable fishing speculations should be conducted 
here, and the duty retained upon our woollen manufactures will, with 
the varions charges of agency and transport, be an abundant protec- 
tion to the bond fide productions of Portugal. The interests of both 
countries will thus be reconciled. It cannot be for a moment doubted 
that there will be an immense increase in the importation of British 
produce into Portugal, whose Customs’ revenue, if it be not improved, 
will certainly not be impaired, while the advantage of nearly 50 per 
cent. conceded to her wines in all our national and colonial ports, as 
compared with the wines of every other European country, ecan- 
not fail to give an immense development to the only considerable 
staple of Portugal. The reduced tariff will, in all human probability, 
be in active operation early in April, The Deputies have carried, by a 
majority of 50, the Finance Minister’s project for raising 900 contos on 
the proceeds of the ‘l'obacco Contract for the next three years. Sub- 
sequently, they voted the “specialty” of the same project. On thesame 
day, the Ministerial J3ill of Indemnity was carried in the Chamber of 
Peers by a large majority. ‘The Minister of the Kingdom has pre- 
sented an important project for the remodelling of the Council of 
State, which has been referred to the: Committee of Legislation. A 
project has been set on foot for the formation of a commercial company, 
for the development of the resources of the Portuguese colonies in 
Africa, and referred by royal decree to a special commission to report 
upon its merits. 

America.—The packet-ship George Washington, Captain Burrows, 
which sailed from New York on the 7th ult., arrived at Liverpool on 
Sunday. The papers received by her are nine days later from that city 
than those brought by the last steamer. The only proceeding in Con- 
gress interesting to the English reader was the progress of the Oregon 
‘Territory Bill in the Senate. It had given rise to long and animated 
debates. Mr. Linn, with whom the bill originated, and those who 
supported it, were liberal in their abuse of Great Britain. Great 
anxiety was manifested at Washington in regard to the subject of a 
message which the President had transmitted to the House of Repre- 
sentatives under the seal of confidence. ‘The papers were from the War 
Department. The whole were under the examination of the committee 
on Indian affairs, who would report whether it was expedient to make 
them public or not, The reports of the state of the money and stock 
markets present no feature of interest. The depressed condition of trade 
and commerce preventing capitalists from employing their funds in the 
ordinary manner, the stock-market had attracted the attention of monied 
men. A brisk demand had, in consequeuce, sprung up for United 
States’ stock, Treasury notes, and New York State stocks. The news 
from Canada reaches to the Ist ult. The last bulletin issued by Sir 
Charles Bagot’s medical attendants ran thus :—‘‘ His Excellency the 
Gevernor-General’s health has, during the last few days, undergone 
improvement, which would doubtless have been more decided had he 
altogether refrained from public business.”” ‘The rumours of the defeat 
and capture of a Texan force at Mier are fully confirmed by recent 
account from Texas. 


LATEST FROM AMERICA, —_ 
By the New York packet-ship United States, which was boarded by 


a pilot off Belfast on Wednesday, papers from America and Canada 
have been received. The intelligence from New York is to the 16th of 
February. It appears that the national finances are in an unusually 
bad condition. The President (Mr. Tyler) had addressed a message to 
Congress, stating that even with the authority to issue Treasury notes, 
the Government would be unable to pay its expenses for the next fiscal 
year, and calling upon the House to make provision for the public 
service ; this will cause an extra session to beheld. The President does 
not state in what manner this may be done, further-than the suggestion 
that ‘ the proper objects of taxation are peculiarly within the discretion 
of the Legislature.” ‘he message was referred to the Committee of 
Ways and Means. : 

The Oregon Territory PI] had given rise to various debates in the 
Senate—the ‘‘ Upper House” of the American Congress. 1t was not 
expected that the House o. Representatives would pass it. 

The Legislature of Massachussetts had repealed the law for prevent- 
ing the intermarriages of blacks and whites by 182 to 116. 

‘The markets generally, particularly that for cotton, were quiet, and 
almost without change as compared with the previous advices. 

The court-martial on Commander Mackenzie was still sitting ; no 
new facts appear to have come out upon this second inquiry. 

The sword of General Washington and the walking-stick of Ben- 
jamin Franklin had been presented to the people of the United States 
by Mr. Summers, in the House of Representatives, at the request of 
one of his constituents, who owned the relics, amidst what is described 
as a scene of great interest. : 

The packet-ship New York, which sailed from Liverpool on the 7th 
ult., was wrecked a short distance from New York. Her passengers 
escaped without injury, and some hopes were entertained that the vessel 
might be got off the point where she struck, Shrewsbury Inlet; but the 
hopes were slight. 

Colonel Robertson, who came to England some time ago, to negotiate 
a loan on behalf of the Federal Government, has published a letter in 
the American papers from Messrs. Overend, Gurney and Co., the 
bankers, who have had so much to do with American securities, in 
which those gentlement impress upon the l’ederal Government the ne- 
cessity and the justice of assuming the States’ debts under certain condi- 
tions. ‘The Colonel strengthens the proposition by the results of his 
own experience in this country, and speaks of the irritating feeling 
which exists amongst capitalists on this side of the water about Ame- 
rican securities. 

The ‘Texian Congress had passed a bill providing for the defence of 
the frontier. The impression was that ‘Texas would be invaded in the 
spring, and a writer says that they were about holding a ‘“ mass meet- 
ing” on the occasion. 

We learn from Canada that the health of Sir C. Bagot has become 
much worse. Accounts from Kingston, of the 4th of February, stated 
that dropsy had supervened, and that, in all human probability, his 
days are now numbered. 

The Canadian Parliament was prorogued on the 4th of February to 
the 18th of March, but was not then expected to meet for the despatch 
of business. 

Some anxiety had been caused at Montreal and in the district by the 
riotous conduct of the labourers employed upon the Lachine Canal, and 
who, in consequence of the frost, had been for some time out of work. 
They had armed themselves with bludgeons, and in some instances with 
fire-arms, and their conduct was so outrageous, that it was deemed 
necessary to send two companies of the 71st Regiment, and a detach- 
ment of Dragoons, to arrest the ringleaders and restore order, The 
workmen are said to be chiefly Irish emigrants. 

The weather, in both Canada and the States, was very severe. 


Parliamentary Sunmiary, 
re 
LV’ENVOI. 
Some five or six weeks ago Parliament commenced its Session 
The Speech from the T’hrone—even more vague and unexplicit 


than such documents usually are—was lauded by the Premier’s | 


toad-eaters for possessing the negative merit of presenting no point of 
attack. It did not contain the ghost of an idea—it did not exhibit even 
the shadow of information, It was, in short, exactly such a manifesto— 
shewing the force of ‘T'aLLEYRAND’s remark that the use of words was 
to conceal truth—as every one had a right to expect from Sir Ropert 
Pret. Since that Speech was read, what has been done? The answer 
is—Nothing! here was a debate on the state of the country, in 
which, as usual, the Whigs came off best in the argument, and second- 
best inthedivision, ‘There was a little broad farce, by way of episode» 


in which Sir Roserr Peet, affecting indignation at a general remark 
by Mr. Conpen, on Ministerial responsibility, shewed himself to be nearly 
as good an actor as Farren, in ‘‘'The Minister and the Mercer,” or 
Jezabel M‘Neile, in his ‘‘drum ecclesiastic,” at Liverpool. ‘There 
was a discussion as to the piety of Lord Exiexnoroucn, the modern 
Samson, bearing off the gates of Somnauth. ‘There was what the 
Indians call ‘fa palaver” about the Corn-laws. ‘There was a little 
legal speech-making about the Jibel-laws, which ended in smoke. 
There was an exhibition of philanthropy on National Education— 
which Lord Asnixy, well-meaning though rather fanatic, understands 
to mean Education with the Church Catechism and the Thirty-nine 
Articles, as elementary parts. There was an emulative bandying of 
compliments about the *‘ heroes” of Affehanistan and China, which 
Sam Slick would think shewed rather too much ‘ soft sawder.” 
‘There was an examination of the peculiar non-political tendencies of 
Lord Anincer, which established the point that the sooner he is relieved 
from the double duty of trying, and, at the same time, acting as counsel 
against Chartists, the better for him and them. ‘There was Mr. 
Watrer’s annual speech against the Poor-laws, being an abstract of 
all the arguments and assertions of the J'imes on that head since the 
last Session. ‘There was Lord Broucnam’s unexpected and somewhat 
truculent attack upon the Corporation of London. But, though much 
has been said, little has been done. 

Some of the estimates have been voted ; a large sum has been appro- 
priated to the payment of the forged Exchequer Bills; and, wonderful 
to say, Dr. Nicholl has actually come out as a Reformer, being (as the 
play-bills say) ‘‘his first appearance in that character.” Our readers 
need not be alarmed, nor apprehend that the millennium is at hand, 
because the learned civilian speaks of Reform; we can assure them that, 
like Bottom, he *‘ roars gently as any sucking-dove ” on that key, His 
Ecclesiastical Courts’ Bill is a measure which, no doubt, will greatly 
increase the expense, out of London, of granting probates and adminis- 
trations, and registering wills and notes of administrations ; but it will 
establish a Central Court, in which it is expected that Dr, Nicholl will 
be the new and well-salaried judge ; and it will create a variety of new 
offices, the patronage of which will be vested in the said functionary. 

With these exceptions—a half-penny worth of bread to a monstrous 
quantity of rack—the session has produced no fruits, as yet. PEt. 
declares that he will not further meddle with the Corn-laws, and though 
the non-expences are ended, that he will retain the inquisitorial and 
vexatious Income Tax. Verily, the parable of King Stork and King 
Log is not a fable ! 

Sir Roverr Perr and the members of his mosaic Cabinet may fairly 
be said to be upon their trial, at the bar of Public Opinion, on the two- 
fold charge of obtaining administrative power ‘‘upon false pretences,” 
and of abusing it when gained. ‘They succeeded in persuading the 
majority of voters—not of the people—that the late Ministry had not 
made the best use of their great opportunities, and fairly promised that, 
if the means of effecting good for the many were transferred to them- 
selves, they would perform all that the Whigs were pledged to execute. 

It must be confessed that Prez and his followers were not without 
plausible grounds for their declaration that the Whigs, in their dealings 
with and forthe People, had merely ‘ kept the word of promise to the 
ear and broken it to the hope.” When, through the obstructions 
thrown in its way by the Lords, the first Reform Bill came toa violent 
end, Lord Grey did his duty, as a man of independent spirit anda 
Minister of high principle, by immediately resigning office. ‘Che result 
was that, after an ineffectual effort to form a‘lory Cabinet, the Sovereign 
was compelled to recal his Minister, giving him a carte blanche as to the 
creation of new Peers,—a power, the mere possession of which removed 
the difficulties which the aristocracy had thrown inthe way of Reform. 
Every one who recognizes the truth of the aphorism, that “‘ History is 
Philosophy teaching by Experience ” must acknowledge that, had Lord 


MES. 


Metrourne been wisely taught by the precedent we have mentioned, 
he would have put an end to his difficulties by resigning office two or 
three years before he was expelled from it. Instead of this—which 
would have been alike worthy of the man and the cause—the late Pre- 
mier latterly permitted himself to be the mere organ of the Opposition. 
They waited until the pear was ripe, and, in the mean time (as Lord 
Sranxey actually boasted inthe House of Commons), ruled, regulated, 
and obstructed the Mimistry. We do not goto the length of saying 
that the Whigs 2vi/fully neglected the interests of the People,—but we 
cannot conceal or cloak the fact, which now is matter of history, that 
during the three years immediately preceding the accession of the 
Tories to power, a kind of negative supremacy was all that the Whigs 
possessed. They occupied office, while their opponents actually wielded 
its power. Ina word, during the first Parliament of Queen Vicrorta, 
the Tories exercised the strength of the executive, without being subject 
to its responsibility. We blame the Whigs for clinging to place, when 
they had lost power. ‘They should not have waited to be turned out of 
office. They should have better understood the true strength of their 
position, They might have been Ministers to this hour, dispensing bles- 
sings through the land, had they firmly resolved to take their stand as 
Reformers, instead of permitting each measure they brought forward to be 
emaculated bya factious Opposition, determined—as one of their leaders 
confessed—to obstruct every plan intended to benefit the People. Itis in 
their power yet to fulfil their mission. They cannot recal the Past, but 
may gain from it a lesson for the Future, ‘Vhey must narrowly watch 
every motion of the Ministry. They must stand up, for the rights of 
the Many against the usurpation of they Few, as they did during the long 
time—from 1806 to 1830—in which, as the Opposition, they battled for 
the principles which, if fully acted upon, would secure the safe reform 
of abuses, the economic government of the country, and the happy 
prosperity of its inhabitants, The sun which sets to-night will not more 
certainly return on the morrow than will the Whigs, after a little expe- 
rience, convince the people—convince even the bulk of their present 
supporters, that the ‘lories are utterly unfitted for the responsible duties 
they have rashly undertaken with more ambition than ability—more 
policy than principle. 

We are none of those who ridiculously substitute names for things,— 
who trust in promises than performances,—with whom words are of as 
sterling value as deeds. The mere names of Russett and PatmMerston, 
Pret or Wetuincron, have no weight with us. We are inl!uenced 
solely by what men do, and we frankly confess that—judging from the 
past, as well as from the present—we do not think thatthe statesmen now 
in office have the inclination to introduce and carry out the Reform— 
financial, commercial, legal, military, naval, and ecclesiastical, which 
are absolutely requisite to restore this nation to any thing like a pros- 
perous condition. 

It is our intention to give a summary, with passing comments, on the 
Parliamentary ‘ business” (as it is facetiously called) of each week. 
‘The preceding remarks we have thought fit to introduce, in order that 
our readers might be under “no mistake” as to the political opinions 
which we hold, and shall advocate in this journal. 


Little has been done in the House of Lords during this week. On 
Monday, the attention of the House having been drawn to the subject 
by Lord Brovcnam, a statement was made by the Lorp Cuancerior, 
to the effect that he had placed himself in communication with Lord 
Dewan and the other Judges, as to the important subject of mono- 
mania or partial insanity as a plea in cases of murder. It would appear 
that, if practicable, a Government measure will be brought forward. 
Lord Camppett’s view of the case (which has not been impugned) is 
that by partial insanity alone a man is not necessarily relieved from 
responsibility ; for mental unsoundness, unless it amounted to insanity 
at the time of committing an unlawful act, affords no immunity. The 
new enactment will probably make provision for securing those whose 
actions are likely tobe dangerous to life. ‘The late case of M‘Naughien, 
and the yet more recent one of Dillon (the person who, for some 
fancied ‘‘ injustice,” has threatened the life of Mr. Goutsurn), have 
drawn raeialative attentiun to this subject. 

On Tuesday, Lord Monrracte stated that, from the Temperance 
movement and the increase of illicit distillation, the additional duty upon 
Irish spirits had not created anything like the anticipated revenue. It 
was suggested between jest and earnest, by Lord Srannopr, that as the 
increased duty was a substitute for the Insome Tax in Ireland, its fail- 
ure should be followed by the imposition of that tax. There is only 
one objection,—what has caused universal discontent in England, would 
only create a rebellion across St. George’s Channel.——Lord Teyxuam 
(in a clever maiden speech) drew the attention of their Lordships to the 
Poor Law Amendment Act, which virtually separates man and wife, sim- 
ply for the crime of poverty. ‘The discussion, or rather the conversation 
which took place, elicited a declaration from the Duke of Wrettrnctox 
that a new Poor Law. Amendment Act would be introduced by Go- 
vernment “in a few days,” and a strong denial of the existence of the 
document lately brought forward by Mr. Watters in the House of 
Commons, which had been drawn up as the original basis of the New 
Poor Law. The Duke positively affirmed, from his own knowledge, 
that no such document ever existed. But, in the other house, Sir 
James Grauam admitted that sucha document had been laid before 
and printed for the Grey cabinet, of which, at that time, he had been 
amember. Whois right—the Duke or the Baronet? 

On Wednesday their Lordships did not meet. They had no business 
to transact, owing to the great majority of all measures being first intro- 
duced in the Lower House. It would be a great saving of public time, 
if some of the Government Bills were to originate in the Upper House. 
It would save time, and facilitate as well as quicken the business of 
legislation. 


On Monday, in the Commons, there was alittle sparring between Mr. 
Watrer and Sir Jamrs Granam, on the subject of the “ document” 
lately produced by the former, and exhibited as the groundwork of the 
present Poor Law. Judging from internal evidence, as wellas the admis- 
sions ofthe Home Secretary, this wasthe secret report upon the Poor Law, 
submitted to and rejected by Karl Grey’s Government, At another time 
we shall discuss thedetails of this diabolical document,—T he votes for 
several of the estimates were taken. ‘The first hit, by Mr. Hume, was 
about the new stalls to be erected by King Lropot.n’s trustees at Clare- 
mont. ‘The report was that about £40,000 would thus be expended, 
out of the public purse. The Ministerial explanation is that the ex- 
pense will be only £6,000, to be paid out of the Lrorotp pension, the 
galance of which, paid over to the public treasury, amounts to from 
£32,000 to £36,006 a year. The money votes passed, but not without 
strong objections to many items, by Mr. Hume, Mr. Wiuriams, Mr. 
C. Butter, Captain Layarp, and Dr. Bowntnc. Some home-truths 
were uttered. Referring to the Navy appointments, Mr. Hume com- 
plained of the preference given to aristocratie influence over merit. The 
large proportion of the officers on half-pay to those on service was, in 
his opinion, monstrous. If a private man wanted a cook or acoachman, 
he paid wages to such cook or coachman ; but he did not also keep in 
pay six other cooks, and six other coachmen, to be ready when the pre- 
sent cook or coachman should leave the family. Mr. Witiiams, in 
speaking of the civil pensions and allowances, said that all the public 
boards were grasping for more of these grants, in order to satisfy the 
Incessant applications of members who asked favours for their consti- 
tuents, like brokers rather than like representatives of the people. Often 
were retirements farced upon public servants who had no inelination to 
quit their situations, merely for the sake of putting others in their room, 


On Tuesday, Dr, Nicnor1 and Sir James Granam mutually gave 
Mr. B. Esrcorr the comfortable assurance that the Ecclesiastical Courts’ 
Bill would be proceeded with as speedily as possible. The learned 
Doctor is excellent authority on this head. The Bili is his—for, as we 
have audaciously taken the liberty of hinting above, his will probably be 
the principal gain, Mr. C. Burter, who has a most uncourtier-like habit 
of putting what lawyers call ‘‘leading questions,” quite ruffled the 
temper of the expectant-Judge, by asking whether he had not put off 
the second reading of the Bill to a period when all the legal members 
of both sides of the House would be out of town, with the intention of 
bringing iton when nobody would be present to discuss it? ‘The Doe- 
tor’s solemn indignation at this innuendo could have been equalled only 
by the gravity with which Liston used to perform Othello! His temper, as 
we have said, was ruffled—like a puddleina storm, or the Dead Seain a 
ground-swell,—and he could scarcely get out an indignant denial of the 


oe 


implied charge ; he concluded, however, by a distinct assurance that he 
would not defer the second reading, that the legal Gentlemen should 
attend. Mr. Buiier gave him the pleasant assurance that he should, 
upon that ground, try every possible way to get the second reading put 
off again. Mr, Buxter is very likely to keep his word.——Sir James 
Granam deprecated any legislation, at present, on the subject of 
monomania. His colleague, Lord Lynpuursr, assured the Lords that 
Government did think of such legislation. Which is correct?—-Mr. 
ox Mav er made a long speech in favour of the Non-intrusionists or 
“Wild party” of the Scottish Church, preliminary to a motion for the 
appointment of a Committee of the House upon the petition of the 
General Assembly of that Church, Sir James Grauam stated, on the 
part of Government, that the demands of the said Non-intrusionists— 
who claim for their Church supremacy over the law of the land, shall 
not be complied with. The question is much too important and com- 
plicated for us to enter upon it now, but it has been disposed of for the 
present; for on the following night (Wednesday), Mr. Fox Mavws’s 
motion was negatived by 211 to 76.——Sir James Granam brought in 
a Bill, which is to be read a second time on Tuesday, the 2lst inst., for 
regulating the employment of children and young persons in factories, 
and for the better education of children in factory districts.” ‘This 
measure is confessedly founded on the report of the Committee which 
sat in 1840. It purposes to reduce (for children of from 8 to 13 years) 
the hours of labour from 8 to 64 hours a day,—which hours are to be 
either in the forenoon or the afternoon, but not partly in one and partly 
in the other. Females of between the ages of 13 and 21 not to have 
more than 12 hours labour a day, and 9 hours on Saturday—making the 
week’s work last 69 hours. ‘I'wo sets of children, it is clear, will have 
to be employed, which will increase the calls for education; which is to 
be afforded, at Government Schools, for not more than 3d, a week for 
each child. 


On Wednesday, Sir James Grauam stated, in reply to a question 
from Mr. Frresranp—we beg pardon, from Mr. Ferranp—that a 
tread-mill, of the same kind as that at Wakefield House of Correction, 
had not been erected in Halifax workhouse—that he should deprecate 
the erection of a treud-mill in any union—and that, if the guardians at 
Halifax or elsewhere should intend to do so, he was sure that the Poor 
Law Commissioners would unite with him in the exertion of all his 
influence to prevent its being carried into effect. The Home Secretary 
could not say less. Mr. Hvurt’s Bill for the Naturalization of Fo- 
reigners, was resisted by Government (through Sir James Granam) 
on the ground that aliens did not suffer any practical inconvenience from 
the present system, and that he thought, with the public, that it would 
be impolitic to render foreigners eligible to seats in Parliament—he 
was “for British subjects being the legislators of British laws’—a 
very patriotic sentiment, no doubt, but obscure, if not ungrammatical 
in its diction. The second reading of the Bill, opposed by Government, 
was appointed to take place ‘fon that day six months,” which is the 
Parliamentary mode of putting an extinguisher on it for the Session.—— 
The discussion on the Scotch Church question occupied the House until 
two o’clock. We mention the hour, with a view of enquiring what has 
become of Mr. Broruernton? His almost nightly habit of moving the 
adjournment of the House at 12, amused, if it did not reform. 


— 


On Thursday evening, both Houses were occupied with discussions 
on the policy and conduct of Lord EnLensoroucn, as Governor- 
General of India. His lordship’s bombastic, ill-considered, and rather 
anti-Christian proclamation, relative to the restoration of the gates of 
Somnauth, was the subject on which the Marquis of CranricarvE 
and Mr. Vittiers Smitu respectively moved resolutions to the effect 
that Parliament consider that the conduct of Lord E1LEensorouen, in 
issuing the general orders of the 16th of November, 1842, and in ad- 
dressing the letter of the same date to all the chiefs, princes, and people 
of India, respecting the restoration of the gates of a temple to Som- 
nauth, is unwise, indecorous, and reprehensible. The supporters of 
such motions contended that the proclamation was calculated to mis- 
lead the inhabitants of India as to the intentions of the British Govern- 
ment, and to excite religious dissensions amongst the various sects under 
our dominion in India. The Duke of Weturncton, with more 
gallantry than judgment, defended his absent friend, declaring that 
of all other men who ever had the honour of serving her Majesty abroad, 
he was the individual whom he (the Duke) should look upon as the 
last man in the world capable of countenancing idolatry. He con- 
tended that the proclamation was in fact little more than a song of 
triumph, which pointed out that the gates of Somnauth should be brought 
away as the just trophies of their success; and that with respect to the 
encouragement given by the proclamation to idolatry, he had only to 
observe that the place to which the gates belonged never had been a 
heathen temple, and whatever it had been in ancient times, the sect 
which in those days had occupied that district, whatever that sect might 
have been, had long since passed away. It was absurd therefore to 
contend that the return of those gates held out the smallest encourage- 
ment to idolatry. His Grace’s opinions were echoed by Lords Cox.- 
CHESTER, FirzcEratp, and Broucuam (!!!)—the last-named noble 
and learned Lord “going the entire animal” (as brother Jonathan 
would say) in defence of Lord Ex:tensorouvcn. We are tempted 
to ask, seeing how completely Lord Brovcnam is identifying him- 
self with the Peet party, whether it be true that he is to receive 
the quid pro quo in the shape of an appointment as Lord Chief 
Baron of the Exchequer, when Lord Azrncer resigns ?—Lords Auck- 
LAND, CLARENDON, and Lanspowng, supported the motion, which was 
negatived by 83 to 25. Of the four Bishops present at the debate, three 
spoke. The Bishop of Norwicu honestly declared that the temple of 
Somnauth was dedicated to Seeva, the most cruel of the Hindoo deities, 
and he feared the restoration of the gates of the temple would throw difh- 
culties in the way of the spread of Christianity. Upon Christian princi- 
ples, therefore, and totally apart from all political considerations, he felt 
bound to vote for the motion of the noble marquis. The Bishops of 
Luanparr and Cuicurster opposed the motion ! 


Jn the Commons, the indiscreet conduct of Lord Ellenborough was 
debated at great length and with much spirit. The discussion, which 
closed at two in the morning, terminated in the rejection of the vote of 
censure, by a majority of 85, in a House of 399 members. Mr. 
Macavtay, Mr. Mancres, Mr. Hume, Sir G. Grey, Lord Patmer- 
ston, and Lord J. Russexx were the speakers in support of the motion; 
it was opposed by Mr. E. Tennent, Mr. Hocc, Mr Escort, Mr. C, 
Wynn, Lord Stantey, and Sir Rorert Pert. The speeches of the 
night were those of Mr. Macavray, and Lord Sraniry. The former 
seldom, if ever, exhibited more indignant eloquence than upon this occa- 
sion. Hisbrilliantand sarcastic animadversions on the policy of “ tame 
elephant” E_iensorovan, toldin the House, as they must upon the public, 
with great effect. Lord StaNn.ey’s defence of his friend was peculiar ; it 
admitted, in effect, that his proclamation was absurd, and merely declared 
thatit would be grossingratitude to condemn a man who had renderedsuch 
essential services to his country, because of the style and composition 
of a particular document, and thereby to increase the embarrassments 
which these debates were calculated to create in India. Even Peru 
admitted that Lord Ellenborough had acted unwisely, saying, that the 
gates of Somnauth might have been very properly carried off ns a 
trophy to reconcile the Hindoos to. their Tetirement from A fighanistan, 
dnd although the language used im Pre them might have been 
Spared, yet it would be unjust and ungratefu Ne that language to con- 
demn a man who had repaired the greatest disaster which had ever 
befallen the British arms, Thus the Government itself Join in con. 
demning the Governor-General of India,—yet, 242 honorable Mem- 
bers” voted against the resolutions. Teuly, the name ‘* Lower House” 
is not inaptly applied to the Commons - 


——_——- 


In the House of Lords, last night (Friday), the sitting was brief, the 
business being confined to the presentation of a few petitions. ‘The 
Commons had ‘¢ no house.” 


en 


_ Asusurton Exzcrion.—On Tuesday, the election for this borough, 
in the room of the late Mr. Jardine, took place. ‘Two candidates were 
Proposed, viz., Mr. Matheson (Whig-Radical), and Mr. Horsley 

almer (Conservative). ‘Che show of hands was declared in favour of 
the latter gentleman, when a poll was demanded on the part of Mr. 
Matheson. At the close of the poll on Wednesday, the following was 
the result :—For Mr. Matheson (Whig), 141; for Mr, Horsley Palmer 
(Conservative), 96; majority, 40, 


SECOND EDITION. 


IniustrateD WEEKLY Times OFFICE, 
Saturday Afternoon. 


CHARGE OF THREATENING TO KILL THE QUEEN 
AND SIR ROBERT PEEL. 

Yesterday, the Mansion-house and the avenues to it were crowded 
with persoas anxious to hear the evidence in the case of a Scotchman, 
who stated his name to be James Stevenson, and who was brought be- 
fore the Lord Mayor by Major Shaw, the superintendant of the City 
police, or the charge of having threatened to shoot her Majesty and Sir 
Robert Peel. 

Mr. Maule, the solicitor to the Treasury, attended upon the part of 
the Government. 

The prisoner’s appearance at the bar, when the Lord Mayor desired 
that the investigation should be commenced, intimated in a manner not 
fora moment to be doubted, that the unfortunate man was insane ; and 
the statements made by himself, and the witnesses who were examined, 
showed that his madness was of a very dangerous kind. There was a 
wildness in his eyes which could be attributable to nothing but the effect 
of the absence of reason, and his face was further disfigured by a bushy 
red beard, of considerable length. He was dressed in a shabby dark 
coat, waistcoat, ‘and trousers, and he spoke in such broad Scotch, that 
very few understood his answers, particularly when he quoted Scrip- 
puree which had, he gave every one to undersfand, been his particular 
study. 

His statement was that his name was James Stevenson; his usual 
residence was in Belltries, in the parish of Lochwinnoch, Renfrewshire, 
Scotland. His age was thirty-two, his occupation that of a weaver; 
he had been occasionally employed during the last three years, but 
had chiefly been engaged in studying the Bible and Greek Testament, 
and had lived upon £30, which he had previously saved. He had lived 
with his father, and was a Cameronian. He had started from Paisley 
with a guinea, and his object in visiting London was to see Sir Robert 
Peel about the Union and the Kirk of Scotland, “ that the Union might 
be broken, as Sir Robert Peel is bound to break the Union, and so is 
every man bound by Actof Parliament, and by conscience and religion. 
We are all bound by our oaths, and it must be done. He meant the 
country to be free trom false oaths,’ He meant to live on very little 
while in London, and to return home if his object’ in coming hither 
failed. He would have called at Sir R. Peel’s house to see him, to tell 
him about his error, and to say the mischiefs that arose from the state 
of the kirk. , 

The Lord Mayor: If you did not see him when you called, for he is 
so engaged that he cannot see every body, what would you have done ? 
—Prisoner: Egad, I would have done nothing. I would have gone 
back again. 

The Lord Mayor: Had you any wish to see the Queen ?—Prisoner : 
I do not care about seeing her; but I should wish to see whether she 
would break these hard eauses. No person is fit for the office of reigning 
over the people who is not a head and shoulders above them; and the 
Queen is sworn to be subject to her husband. Religion states that the 
woman is bound to obey the husband ; and she is therefore unfit to hold 
the reins of government. It is not proper or just that she should. 

In answering the questions put to him, the prisoner did not hesitate in 
the slightest degree, but see:ned disposed to talk incessantly. His mind 
appeared to be strongly fixed up the Kirk of Scotland, and what he 
evidently considered to be the wrongs of that establishment. 

John Hewett, clerk at Hull to the Steam Navigation Company, was then 
called and sworn. He said, I came with Captain Hurst in the Gazelle steam 
vessel from Hull. I recollect the prisoner. 1 booked him at Hull. He asked 
me what was the fare, and I told him 7s. He asked me whether I could not 
take less, as he was short of money. I said I could not, and that I was merely 
a servant of the establishment. He said to me that he was coming to see the 
Queen, and that it was quite improper that the Queen should reign, as no 
woman had a right to take into her hands the reins of Government. He said 
that the Queen must be destroyed, and that the union must be destroyed. 
ripe I said she should be destroyed if she refused to resign the office 
she held, 

Witness: He said he wished to sce Sir Robert Peel personally, to do some 
business with him; and if Sir Robert would not answer the questions, he must 
be destroyed. 

The Lord Mayor: What do you say to that, Mr. Stevenson ?—Prisoner : I 
say, that unless every Minister performs his oath, by which he is bound to 
put aside popery and heresy, and prelacy, and to do justice, he ought to be 
destroyed. I, and everybody else in the country, are bound to keep our oaths. 

Witness: I heard some other conversation in the cabin of the vessel. Some- 
body asked the prisoner how he would destroy Sir Robert Peel, as he hau no 


moneys, “Oh,” said the prisoner, “I should soon have the means to procure 
pistols. 


Prisoner: [ never intended to get pistols. No, I never intended anything, 
but to return to Scotland. 

Witness: He seemed determined that something should be done, and he 
declared that the Queen should not reign. 

Mr. John Hurst, captain of the @azelle steam-vessel, said, I was present 
when the prisoner came on board. During the passage he was going on about 
Sir Robert Peel and the Queen. He said he had written two letters to Sir 
Robert Peel, but had received no answers, and that he was determined to see 
Sir Robert. He stated that there were plenty of people who would show him 
Sir Robert Peel, and that he would finish both the Queen and Sir Robert Peel, 

The Lord Nayor: Do you hear what this witness says, Mr. Stevenson ? . 

Prisoner: I never said I’d finish them. I don’t think I did; but I said ’d 
strike at the root of the tree if I should catch a Minister of the kingdom who 
would not do as he was bound to do. . 

Mr, Maule here suggested the propriety of remanding the prisoner, in order 
that medical men might have the opportunity of examining him, to ascertain 
whether his state of mind came under the Act of Parliament, and showed that 
he could not be at large without danger to others. 

The Lord Mayor concurred, and asked whether Major Shaw had not found 
some documents of a singular character in the possession of the prisoner? 

Doggrel addresses to the Queen and Sir R. Peel were then read, after which 
the prisoner was ordered to be committed to the Compter. 

The unfortunate creature was then removed from the bar, and he accompa- 
nied the police without a murmur to the Compter, where he was comfortably 
lodged in the infirmary. . ; 

On the arrival of the prisoner at the Compter he was examined by Dr. 
M‘ Murdo, who has given it as his opinion that he is not insane. 


THE PROVINCES. 
(From our own Correspondent.) 


Mancutster, Friday.—The adjournment of the Council of the Anti- 
Corn-Law League to London, in order to awaken and organise the 
Metropolis in the great struggle for Free Trade, has caused a temporary 
lull in the agitation of the question here. The men of Manchester, 
however, see with delight the growing enthusiasm of the metropolis, 
and will most willingly yield to the capital of the empire the proud dis- 
tinction of being the source and centre of the agitation against the 
iniquitous Bread Tax. : 

The great topic of interest during the past week has been the Chartist 
trials at Lancaster, before Mr. Baron Rolfe, which have occupied the 
Court for eight days. All parties concur in praising the Attorney- 
General for the calmness and moderation with which he has conducted 
the case against Mr. O’Connor and his fifty-eight brother Chartists, 
The summing up of the learned Judge has given the greatest satistac- 
tion, for its mildness and impartiality. Altogether, the trial will have a 
wholesome effect, in restoring the confidence of the working classes in 
the administration of the laws, which was terribly shaken by Lord 
Abinger’s charges on the Special Commissions at Liverpool and 
Chester. Mr. O’Connor, and some other defendants, were found Guilty 
upon two counts of the indictment only, which charge them 
with having unlawfully conspired to persuade and abet others to cease 
from labour. Mr. Baron Rolfe said he should assume that the indict- 
ment was correct in declaring such a recommendation to be illegal, in 
order that the defendants might obtain the decision of the Court of 
Queen’s Bench upon it. The verdict against Mr. O'Connor and the 
rest upon these counts alone is generally understood to be tantamount 
to an acquittal. The learned judge did not himself express an opinion 
upon the point ; but he remarked, in the course of the trial, that very 
high legal authorities differed as to the legality of a voluntary agree- 
ment to cease from labour until certain specified political changes 
took place. The question for the Court of Queen’s Bench to decide is 
this :—A voluntary strike having taken place, were the defendants justi- 
fied in recommending that such strike be continued until the Charter 
beeame the law of the land?) The importance of this question of con- 
stitutional law ean hardly be overrated. 

It is no secret here that when the Chartist “‘ national cessation from 
labour” in August last failed, through the want of organisation 


and funds, the prime movers in it resolved to renew the strike for the 
Charter, whenever it could be done with any chance of success. They 
would quietly ‘bide their time,” they said. Now, if the Court of 
Queen’s Bench declare any agreement to cease from labour for political 
vbjects illegal, such a decision cuts at the root of all future Chartist 
strikes, 

It is only fair to the defendants arraigned at Lancaster to state that 
their speeches in their own defence were, for the most part, couched in 
a manly and eloquent strain, which carried with them the sympathies 
of their auditory. Many persons, who went into court prejudiced 
against the defendants, have confessed that their statements of the | 
wrongs and grievances of the working classes have done much to change 
their opinions, and to raise the Chartists in public estimation. One of 
the most argumentative speeches was that of James Leach, who declared 
that the true cause of the outbreaks of last autumn was the pressure of 
intense distress, and the prospects before the operatives of gradual but 
certain starvation. To men whose sufferings and whose despair were 
so vivid, much must be forgiven. ‘lhe people of Manchester, and the 
neighbouring towns, remember with gratitude, that although property 
of immense value was unprotected, and in the power of the popu- 
lace, a few broken windows constituted the whole of the damage 
done. Against such men and their leaders the law ought not to be con- 
strued. harshly and in a revengeful spirit. Chartism cannot be put 
down by judicial severity. If the Legislature wish to take the sting out 
of Chartist disaffection, they must cease to rob the working man by class 
legislation. Let them abolish the Corn Laws, which deprive our opera- 
tive population of employment, and the sound of the Joom and the shuttle 
will be again heard in our populous districts. As it is, our prospects of 
a revival of trade are extremely gloomy. The operatives of Manchester 
and the neighbouring towns are, at this moment, suffering great priva- 
tions, and no one knows how soon another outbreak may testify that the 
powers of endurance of the people have fairly given way. 


CHARTISTS’ TRIALS. 


These trials concluded at Lancaster on Thursday evening, having 
occupied eight days. Mr. Baron Rolfe’s summing up occupied nine 
hours, six of which were employed in reading his notes of evidence. 
His charge was remarkably impartial. . 

About six o’clock his lordship finally concluded, when the jury 
retired. After an absence from court. of about half-an-hour, they re- 
turned into court, and returned their verdict. ‘The names of the pri- 
soners were arranged in alphabetical order, with the verdict attache 
to each name. 

The following is a list of the prisoners convicted :— 

Aitkin, William, “Guilty on the 5th count.” 

Arthur, James (alias M‘Arthur), ‘Guilty on the 4th count.” 

Arran, John, “Guilty on the 5th count.” 

Bairstow, Jonathan, “ Guilty on the 4th count.” 

Brooke, Robert, ‘Guilty on the 4th count.” 

Beesley, William, “ Guilty on the 5th count.” 

Campbell, John, ‘‘ Guilty on the 4th count.” 

Cooper, ‘Thomas, “Guilty on the 4th count.” 

Challenger, Alexander or Sandy, ‘ Guilty on the 5th count.” 

Condelet, George, ‘‘ Guilty on the 4th count. 

Durham, John, ‘ Guilty on the 4th count.” 

Doyle, Christopher, ‘‘ Guilty on the 4th count.” 

Fenton, James, “ Guilty on the 4th count.” 

Harney George Julian, “ Guilty on the 5th count.” 

Hill, William, “ Guilty on the Sth count.” 

Hoyle, John, “ Guilty on the 5th count.” 

Leech, James, “Guilty on the 4th count.” 

Leech, John, “ Guilty on the 4th count.” 

M‘Douall, Peter Murray, * Guilty on the 4th count.” 

M‘Cartney, Bernard, “ Guilty on the 4th Count.” 

Mooney, James, ‘ Guilty on the 4th count.”” 

Morrison, David, “ Guilty on the 4th count.” 

Norman, John, ‘ Guilty on the 5th count.” 

O’Connor, Feargus, “ Guilty on the 5th count.” 

Otley, Richard, “ Guilty on the Sth count.” 

Parkes, Samuel, ‘‘ Guilty of the 5th count.” 

Railton, Thomas, ‘‘ Guilty on the 5th count.” 

Ramsden, Robert, ‘‘ Guilty on the 5th count.” 

Skevington, James, “‘ Guilty on the 5th count.” 

Taylor, Frederick Augustus, ‘¢ Guilty on the 4th count.” 

Woodrutfe, William, ‘‘ Guilty on the Sth count.” 

Patrick Brophy, William Booth, Joseph Clarke, James Chippendale, John 
Crossley, John Fletcher, Thomas Fraser, James Grashy, Jol Lomax, Kobert 
Lees, John Lewis, John Massey, Thomas Mahon, Richerd Pilling, David Ross, 
James Scholefield, Thomas Browne Smith, William Stephenson, Thomus Storah, 
James Taylor, and Albert Wolfenden, were acquitted. 

The following defendants had been previously acquitted by consent :—John 
Allinson, James Cartledge, George Johnson, Thomas Pitt, William Scholetield, 
John Thornton, and John Wilde. 

The Judge presumed the jury meant to say that those guilty on the 
fifth count would be guilty on the fifth only, and that those guilty on 
the fourth would be guilty on the fifih also? 

The foreman replied in the ailirmative. : 

It was understood that the defendants would be called up for judg- 
ment, in London, i next term. 

The fourth couat of the indictment charges the defendants with aiding 
and assisting the persons engaged in tumultuous meetings, with a 
view to producing a change in the laws and constitution of the country. 
The fifth charged the defendants with endeavouring to persuade people 
to leave their employers, and desist from their labour, with a view to 
produce a change in the laws. 1t differed from the other counts, in 
imputing no vilation of the law, unless the mere persuasion to people 
to abstain from labour, with the view alleged, was itself a violation. 


Her Majesty and Prince Albert honoured the performance of the 
French plays with their presence yesterday evening. 


The Earl of Ripon is recovering gradually from his recent illness. 


ALLEGED Murper IN tHe Mrinories.—Yesterday morning, the in- 
habitants residing in the vicinity of the Minories and Rosemary-lane 
were thrown into a state of xreat excitement, in consequence of its having 
been reported that a female had been murdered at the Blue Boar public- 
house, in Rosemary-lane, Minories, and, on instituting inquiries, it 
was found that the report was too well founded, The following parti- 
culars relative to this shocking affair will be found to be substantially 
correct: ltappears that the unfortunate victim, named Elizabeth ‘Tegg, 
was @ married woman, but her husband some years since went to 
America, leaving her and her son in 4 most destitute condition. During 
the past twelve months, however, she has cohabited with a journeyman 
carpenter, named George Clark, both living in a very dissipated man- 
ner. Shortly after seven o’clock they both entered the above house, 
when the female called for half a pint of porter, at the same time ac- 
cusing her paramour of having stolen from her pocket a four-penny 
piece and some halfpence. This charge he flatly denied, and, it having 
been repeated, he suddenly hit her a violent blow on the chest, and 
another on the left temple, which knocked her down. She lay for some 
time in an insensible state, and it was thought she was ina fit; and not 
recovering, a Mr. Ballam, a surgeon, of Jewry-street, Aldgate, was 
sent for, but before he arrived the unfortunate woman had breathed her 
last. Clark was then taken into custody, and brought before the Lord 
Mayor, at the Mansion-house,-yesterday morning, by whom he was 
remanded until the decision of the coroner’s inquest had been announced, 
which inquiry will take place this day. 


LONDON TRADE REPORT. 
FRIDAY EVENING. 

SuGAR.—The trade have bought this week about 2,000 hhds and tierces, and 
prices are 1s to 2s higher. This is chiefly owing to the disastrous news received 
from the West Indies. The refined market has also improved Is per cwt, and 
good standard lumps cannot be bought under 78s per cwt; bonded crushed are 
held at 28s per ewt. 1,000 bags Bengal in bond, and 400 bags duty paid, were 
offered at public sale, and sold very well; middling to good while, 35s 6d to 
89s; middling white, duty paid, 60s to 63s per cwt; 1,730 boxes and 500 bar- 
rels Cuba were sold by auction at advanced prices; middling to fine white 
fetched 26s 6d to 31s; ordinary to good yellow, 21s to 23s.; low to good brown, 
SM ieieeae ee There isa better feeling in this market, and rather higher prices 
a bas be quoted 1d. per gallon higher, especially Leewards. The dis- 
astrous news from the West Indies has affected this market materially. 

CorFrre.—There were not any public sales of any note to-day. The market 
is a littlr firmer, and good ordinary Ceylon were sold at. 51s per cwt. 

y’pa.—The market is very flat; about 30,000 packages are advertised for sale 

e 14th inst. 

Oot The purchases of the week amount to 1,200 bales Surat, at 3hd 
to 33d per Ib; and 500 bales Madras, at 31d to 33d per Ib. The market is @ 
shade firmer, 


. 


8 ss PH TLLUSTRATED WEEKLY TIMES. 


- Arn aT 
= EEE 


While we may reasonably feel some difficulty in yielding to the 
German claims of supremacy in high art, which have so frequently 
been advanced, none can be felt in owning with what an afluence 
of beauty, and power of pen and pencil they throw themselves into 
the task of decoration ; and we must own that this is the result of 
the more general and thorough education which is generally re- 
ceived by the German artist. He is less accustomed to depend 
upon the inspiration of the idea, and is more careful in the working 


} al wey t 
OOD ~) e 
YB AL. 
(Bae 21 Sire 
GOL Sa 


GERMAN DECORATIVE ART. 


it out. We shall doubtless find many to dissent from this ; for it is 
on the score of his pure ideality that we have hitherto been accus- 
tomed to hear the German artist ranked above the English and 
French designers. But in truth this ideality is simply and solely 
the result of a perfect knowledge of, and mastery over, individual 
forms,—not minute anatomical knowledge, but a comparative and 
universal knowledge of comparative form. To this various ac- 
quaintance with Nature alone can be attributed the abundant and 


i q fi qT ‘A ci 


lavish play of form and subject which characterise the ornamental 
margin of the accompanying cut, which we are enabled to present 
our readers with, by the kindness of Mr. Herring, the proprietor of 
the work from which it has been taken. Every portion bears the 
mark of Nature about it,—grotesque in its character and arrange- 
ment, but still natural in each minute passage of its singularly 
fanciful outline. We have been thus explicit in our analysis of the 
principle upon which German decorative art 1s based, that we may 
destroy, in some measure, the idea that it is to its purer and more 
fanciful genius it is indebted for its excellence, This is alone based 
upon its more extensive and various acquaintance with Nature by 
education. The German artist is also more thoroughly acquainted 
with the necessities of making each component part of his decorative 
style carry out, in @ thorough and efficient manner, the thought 
which is expressed in the leading portion of the engraving. Thus, 
the children blowing bubbles, or throwing down the house of cards, 
in the marginal decoration of the accompanying plate, assist in 
carrying out the idea expressed by the principal figure and the 
overthrown pitcher of milk whose fragments strew the earth near ; 
while the fowl, and the chipped and hatching eggs, and scattered 
money, With the dim and visionary cattle flitting away in the 
background, combine in carrying out the general expression of the 
plate. 


TS 


BETHLEHEM HOSPITAL. 

The addition to the natural interest which must be excited in all 
who feel for those who are exposed to that most fearful of diseases, 
mental aberration, by the subject of the illustration to which these 
lines are annexed, it will at present derive additional interest from 
the knowledge of the fact that, in all probability, the life of the 
murderer of Mr. Drummond will be terminated within its walls. 
By the merciful construction of his judges he will be saved from 
an expiatory and immediate death, and will have, in the solitude 
of his cell, ample time to meditate upon the crime which, sane or 
insane, he has been guilty of. We have, at present, no space to 
enter into a detailed description of this great national establish- 
ment, but shall return to it when we can spare more time for the 
examination, and possibly for the illustration of its internal ar- 
rangements. , 


THE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY TIMES. 9 


ALBERT EDWARD, PRINCE OF WALES. 


Babe of our love, around thine infant brow 
Wreathe the dim chasings of thy future crown, 

As the quick fancy spurns the childish *f now, 

And from the cradle shapeth out the throne. 

A people’s loyalty and passion gird 

That gentle frame with love and joy and fear. 

The groaning murmur and the chiding word 

Hush ere they reach that palace-circled ear. 

Thy day is soothed, thy night is stilled and blest 

By ignorance and age—the time may be 

When the gemmed fillet and the regal vest 

May yield no joy so full, no sleep so free ; 

For years write sorrows on the human mind, : 
And crowns have thorns to pierce the brows they bind. 


CLAREMONT. 

The name of Claremont can scarcely be mentioned without a 
sigh, or seen without a tear.’ So associated has it become with the 
death of one of England’s most amiable and illustrious daughters, 
that the recollection of the lamented Princess Charlotte is foremost 
in our mind when that name is uttered. The cypress and the yew 
now wave their shadowy branches over the stately halls of Clare- 
mont, and despite the natural beauty of its situation, there is a 
gloom surrounding it which seems to particularly unfit the spot 
for the residence of Royalty. Notwithstanding this, however, 
Her Majesty and Prince Albert have for some time past honoured 
Claremont with their presence,and under their surveillance several 
alterations and improvements, tending either to increase the mag- 
nificence or improve the comforts of the building, are in progress. 


di 


NN, 
a! 
Ney 


4 


Claremont is in the parish of Esher, Surrey, about five miles from 
Kingston and seventeen from London, affording easy access by the 
railway. Here Sir John Vanbrugh, the poet-architect, whose 
heaviness of architecture was but barely compensated by the light- 
ness of his dramatic productions, built a house for his own habi- 
tation, which, with a singular deficiency of taste, he placed in the 
wer ground where there was, no advantage of prospect. Of Sir 


Jolin it was purchased by Thomas Holles Pelham, Farl of Clare, 
and afterwards Duke of Neweastle, who made it his residence, and 
introduced various alterations in the building. First, a magnificent 
and sumptuously-decorated apartment was erected for the enter- 
tainment of large parties when he was in administration; then 
the grounds were increased by further purchases to the extent of 


ployed to adorn the park, one of his designs being a small lake, 
edged by a winding bank with scattered trees along the verge. 
Horace Walpole, when he heard of it, said “ that the prospects 
more than aided the painter’s genius; they marked out the spots 
where his art was necessary or not, but thence left his judgment 
in full possession of all its glory.” The Duke, determining to rectify 
the original mistake, as far as possible, erected a building in the 
shape of a castle ona mount in the park, and gave it his own 
appellation of Clare-mount, by which title it has been distinguished 
ever since. Garth, who was one of the Duke’s visitors, wrote a 
long and very dull poem, called “ Claremont,” in praise of its 
beauties, but the poctry certainly wanted the picturesque charms 
of the original. When the Duke died, Lord Clive, the conquerer 
of India, purchased the building and estate, and, when setting out 
on his last voyage, gave directions to Browne—so famous afterwards 
as “Capability Browne,” for his taste in laying out grounds— 
to pull down the old mansion and erect another, which was to be 
done without limitation of expense. He performed this task, at 
the cost of a hundred thousand pounds, much to the satisfaction of 
his lordship. The mansion forms now an oblong square of forty- 
four yards by thirty-four; on the ground floor are’ eight spacious 
rooms, besides the entrance hall and the grand staircase. In the 
principal front a flight of thirteen steps lead to the grand entrance, 
under a pediment supported by Corinthian columns. The situa- 
tion is most judiciously chosen in this new locality, each of the 
four fronts commanding fine views. After Lord Clive’s decease, 
it passed through the hands of Viscount Galway, the Earl of 
Tyrconnel, and Charles Rose Ellis, Esq., who occupied it till pur- 
chased by Government in 1816, for the country residence of the 
Princess Charlotte, and her consort Prince Leopold. Under the 
influence of her Majesty’s taste and judgment, Claremont seems 
likely to contest the honour of being a Royal residence with its 
more antique rival Windsor, Prince Albert haying, it is said, con- 
fessed for it a decided preference. 


RICHARD COBDEN, ESQ., M.P. 


There are few men who have more suddenly started into im- 
portance than the subject of our sketch. Mr. Cobden, from a 
comparatively quiet and unobtrusive life, has almost instantaneously 
become one of the most remarkable men of the present day. He 
was born in 1802, at Dunford farm-house, near the secluded 
village of Hashot, in Sussex. His grandfather was a maltster at 
Medhurst, where several members of his family formerly resided, 
and realised a large sum in trade. The peace of 1814, tending to 
lower the prices of agrieultural produce, ruined his father, and 
Richard, his second son, came upon the stage of life at a period 
when his progenitor’s financial resources were straitened in no 
small degree. The education of his son being, therefore, in a great 
measure neglected, Mr. Cobden may, toa great extent, claim the 
merit of being a self-taught man, for coming up to London, a raw 
country lad, at the green age of 15, he was compelled to seek em- 
ployment from an uncle of his, one Cole, of the firm of Cole and 
Partridge, Manchester warehousemen. Here Mr. Cobden con- 
tinued, and no greater praise can be awarded to him than the 
knowledge that the firm soon became Sheriff, Cobden, and Gillett, 
the two former partners having previously retired. Under these 
influences the firm soon acquired a most extensive reputation, and 
it was owing to the indefatigable exertions of Mr. Cobden himself 
that Mr. Sheriff retired with ample fortune, and the subject of our 
sketch removed to Chorley, where, with his brother, he has since 
conducted a very extensive trade in the printing of cotton goods. 
Mr. Cobden’s talents have, however, not been confined to merely 
mercantile speculations; he has given literature its due share of 
attention, and, as the writer of “ England, Ireland, and America,” 
we are compelled to award him no small credit asan author. This 
work and a succceding one called “ Russia,” have run through 
several editions, and abound in original remarks forcibly expressed. 
In the gencral election of 1841, he was chosen M.P. for Stockport, 
and as such he has since continued, with honour to himself and credit 
to his constituents. His age then was only thirty-nine: twenty- 
five years before he was a country lad ; without money, distinction, 
education, or promise, yet in that single session he became at once 
the leader of a great party in the House of Commons—the Anti- 
Corn-Law party, whose elaborate machinery he has, single-handed, 
so skilfully and ably directed. -Mr. Cobden’s style of eloquence is 
nervous and full of vigour. He speaks upona subject—and with 
that subject he seems fully acquainted in all its bearings. His facts 
are invariably adduced from good, solid reading, and his arguments 
are based upon the surest foundations of good sense. Mr. Cobden 
has gained distinction and approbation in his career as a political 


2,000 acres; and Kent, the renowned landscape-gardener, was em- | speaker, and, what is more, he has deserved both. 


10 


THE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY TIMES. 


RBebvicws, 
—»—- 
Titian; a Romance of Venice. By R. SHELTON MACKENZIE, 
LL.D. 3 vols., post 8vo. Bentley. 
( = RT for his subject, Venice for his scene, the 
opening of the Sixteenth century for the time, 
eh and 1] Gran Tiziano” for his hero, it must be 
by A] confessed that Dr. Mackenzie has collected the 
ean) Wee materiel for a brilliant story. But, in any court 
L) Sea (U' of criticism, an exception might not unfairly be 
dA CESS} taken to the title-page designation of the work— 
sx for though “Titian” is full of the romance of the 
ime and place, it would be much better described as an Art-Novel, 
which it clearly was meant to be), than as a mere fiction. The 
author’s preface thus explains his intention :— To trace the pro- 
gress of agreat mind through its many struggles against adverse 
circumstances—to show with what difficulties it contended, what 
perseverance it exercised, what aspirations it cherished, what ener- 
gies it put forth—to exhibit its undeviating application, amid doubt, 
neglect, and even positive wrong, to the great aims for which it 
battled—to show its onward path from obscurity to fame, in 
which, like a star shooting across the heavens, it left a long track 
of glorious light behind—to manifest its constancy of purpose, its 
trustful-patience, amid all the ‘ sickness of hope deferred,’ and its 
great, yet unboasting, exultation when the triumph came, the more 
welcome for the very delay and doubt—such I contemplated as 
among the capabilities of the subject, and such, however short I 
eat have fallen in my execution, formed the main portion of my 
esign.” 

Asan Art-Novel, then, it is clear that “Titian” should be con- 
sidered ; and, in this light—more particularly as the first of a class 
—it is entitled to very high praise. A fine feeling for Art, a strong 
love of Nature, a beautiful estimate of the character of Woman, and 
a great familiarity with the picturesque localities of Venice, dis- 
tinguish the work. The extreme beauty of the style (at once 
eloquent, manly, and graceful) must strike every reader. 

The nature of the work almost precluded the introduction of 
much incident, for it is a tale rather of Thought than Action. We 
may briefly indicate the leading points of the story. Cornelius 
Agrippa, en route to Venice, in the autumn of 1507, encounters 
Titian, but, though they make travelling acquaintanceship, they 
part mutually ignorant of each other’s identity. Agrippa, who 
passes off for one of his own pupils, proceeds to enter on his duties 
as nominal secretary, but actual alchemical assistant to Count 
Petigliano, the Venetian generalissimo, and, shortly after, again 
meets with Titian, in the Campanile of St. Mark. Their acquaint- 
ance is here renewed, and ripens into such friendship that the 
painter recounts to Agrippa the history of his life. This auto- 
biography contains many passages of great power, and is, in fact, 
the history of a Mind, from the aspirations of the boy to the full- 
fledged, but baffled ambition of the man. Agrippa endeavours to 
renew the failing springs of Hope, and—both by astrology and 
chiromancy—confidently predicts the approaching dawn of brighter 
fortunes. In confirmation, a mysterious personage, called The 
Astrologer of St. Mark’s, exhibits in a Magic Mirror the various 
phases of the Painter’s future most successful career. All this is 
cleverly and even most dramatically rendered. The predicted 
change takes place. Ina sort of trial of skill between Titian and 
Giorgione, about the fresco-embellishments of the Fondaco di 
Tedeschi, the former obtains the superiority, and that success is 
the first of a long and uninterrupted series. The fame of his 
triumphs reaches the Casa Petigliano, and interests the Count’s 
daughter and niece (who are most exquisitely described), and the 
result is that, in disguise, they visit the Painter in his studio. In 
due course, Amicia, the Count’s daughter, loves, and is beloved by 
Titian ; while Beatrice, her cousin, finally weds Agrippa, and, on 
his escape from the piombi of Venice (to which he has been com- 
mitted as a spy), flies with him to the Imperial Court at Inspruck. 
After many adventures, and some delay, Titian and Amicia also 
are united—the manner in which this is effected is certainly one of 
the best and most artistically-wrought effects in the work. 

This sketch will show that the story is slight. It is not, how- 
ever, on incident that the tale so much depends, as upon the 
depth of sentiment, the purity of thought, the brilliancy of conver- 
sation, the grace of diction, the correctness of description, and, 
above all, the immense quantity of information about artists and 
art which is literally crowded into these volumes. Not only Titian 
and Giorgione are introduced, but we have Ariosto, the Em- 
peror Maximilian, Raphael, Michael Angelo, Albert Durer, and 
others. It is a curious fact, of which Dr. Mackenzie has 
taken full advantage, that, in the beginning of the sixteenth cen- 
tury, the greatest artists of Italy were contemporary. The Bel- 
lini were yet flourishing in Venice, with Titian and Giorgione 
(their pseudo-pupils) carrying out colouring to its greatest 
triumph ; Leonardo da Vinci was also alive, known and honoured 
as the first who had given breadth to painting, and mastered the 
difficulties of light and shade; Michael Angelo and Raphael, then 
young men, were making the City of the Ceesars the scene of that 
competition whose fruit remains among the Art-miracles of Rome; 
Julio Romano was just entering on the field ; the graceful Correggio 
and the imaginative Guido were, even then, pencil-in-hand, though 
the bloom of their fame was of a later date. Not one of this noble 
company but deserved especial notice ; and the author of “ Titian” 
has represented them as they were—gallant cavaliers, with in- 
structed minds, and fitted to adorn even the courts of princes. 

Perhaps, familiarly as Dr. Mackenzie makes us acquainted with 
these illustrious men—teaching also the principles of the art they 
were adepts in—his greatest skill has been exhibited in his 
descriptions of the Ocean-Queen. He brings Venice palpably 
before us, with her Ducal Palace and her Bridge of Sighs, her 
churches and her prisons, her lagunes and her canals, her Cam- 
panile and her Piazza, her Piombi and her Pozzi—her statues 
and her paintings—her festivals and her gallantries—in fact, he 
veapaoeita the past, and throws the reader’s mind back into the 

ime 


“When Venice sate in state, throned on her hundred isles.” 

We shall give a few detached extracts, reserving the more pic- 
turesque quotations for next week, when we shall pictorially illus- 
trate them :— 

THE PAINTER. 

‘“ Those who beheld the two cavaliers, as they conversed together, 
would notice that Titian, who was several years the senior, had also 
greatly the advantage in personal appearance. Not merely because in 
stature he was over the common height, and combined strength and 
activity of form in no ordinary.degree of perfection—if in that there can 
be degrees—but the features were strikingly handsome, and the bearing 
waseminently that of one ‘ master of his own mind,’ and accustomed 
to acts of importance and decision. His eyes were large and dark, and 
the intellect which clearly beamed from them (bearing out the theory 
of Lavater), was confirmed by the ease with which, in conversation, he 
showed himself acquainted with each subject that arose. His profile 
was strongly marked, exhibiting the compact forehead, the full eye- 
brow, the acquiline nose, the well-cut and expressive mouth, the bold 
and round chin, and the well-shaped neck, which might have been a 
model to a sculptor anxious to adjust the head ofan Antinousuponasuit- 
able support. ‘The physiognomist might think, perhaps, that the mouth 
indicated tastes a little too luxurious, but it was impossible for him to 
behold that face without feeling that it must belong to one who had the 
power and desire to struggle for a mighty prize, and the ability and 
energy which find or make a way to the goal. It was, in short, one of 
those faces on which Success was written plainly, Scarcely any pers 


Ell ee ee i — EE LCC Sea a eee - —_ a 


son is there, who, once at least, in the path of life, has not come across 
such a face, and bewildered himself, trom time to time, in after years, 
wondering whether the promise it held forth had been accomplished, 
and in what manner.” 

THE HEROINES. 

‘There were more points of resemblance than contrast between 
them ; for there was a likeness in their features and their minds. Both 
were fair—but Amicia was lovely. ‘They had more than ordinary ac- 
complishments, in a time when the female intellect was much neglected ; 
but the mind of Beatrice was self-cultivated by genius. Both were 
young. Beatrice, having just completed her seventeenth year, had the 
opening maturity of womanhood; Amicia had seen only fifteen sum- 
mers, and, in that soft clime, it would be difficult to say whether she 
were child or woman. 

“ Beautiful as she was, her loveliness as yet was rather more of pro- 
mise than completion. 

“A more brilliant blending of bright eyes and gentle accents—of 
softness and gaiety—of beauty and blandishments, heart could not. 
imagine. Her features were like her father’s—‘ but softened into beauty.’ 
It was the mild expression of her eyes that subdued her hereditary 
hauteur of aspect. They were darkly, deeply blue, for her mother was 
one of the Colonna family, and the daughters of that ancient line have 
usually been distinguished by the rare, but not unpleasing contrast 
of dark hair, blue eyes, and a complexion delicately, almost daz- 
zlingly, fair. 

“‘ Amicia di Orsino was exactly of the middle stature, and slightly 
formed. ‘The long dark lashes which shaded her eyes, reposed upon a 
cheek ‘ carnationed like an infant’s.’ It was a natural mistake to think 
that those expressive and unfathomable eyes were black, but in their 
beauty was the deepest and darkest azure of the sky, whose richest hue 
they resembled ; it had been fancitully, but truthfully said of them, 
that they seemed dark in the light, and bright in the shadow. Small 
white hands—tiny feet, beneath whose airy tread the flowers would be 
rather disturbed than crushed—graceful and gliding motions; in short, 
to complete the sketch, there needs but Donne’s delicate description of 
his mistress— 

Her pure and eloquent blood 
Spoke in her cheek, and so distinctly wrought, 
That one might also say—her body thought! 

“Tt might be deemed that mirth was the characteristic of her mind— 
for she scattered smiles around her like sunshine—were it not that, at 
times, meditation, subdued almost to mournfulness, would usurp the 
ascendancy, until, at length, the overcharged heart would be relieved 
by tears. If a poet had seen her thus, he might say that, at such 
moments, her eyes were like violets upon which the May-dew yet 
lingered and glistened. The few shadows which had crossed her were 
only summer clouds, for grief was to her rather a thought than a reality ; 
and beholding that beautiful face, into which the pure and gentle mind 
visibly breathed itself, the heart would be impelled to pray almost in- 
voluntarily, that sorrow might never shade it. 

“* In the countenance of Beatrice there was less of beauty, but more 
of mind. It was probable that, until she was known and appreciated, 
the eye, dazzled by the superior loveliness of her cousin, might either 
not notice her, or fancy that she was even almost plain. But, when she 
was known, the marvel would be how such features, soul illumined, 
could ever have been deemed other than beautiful. The dark eyes 
flashed with intelligence, the pale cheek glowed with enthusiasm, the 
brow looked the very throne of thought, the clear, earnest voice breathed 
forth its welcome words in all the sweetness of music—and then the 
maiden might be truly said to ‘walk in light of her own making.’ For, 
after all, it is the mind that best displays the beauty, even as a sunshine 
brings out the full loveliness of the landseape! It was for Amicia to 
conquer with a glance—for Beatrice to steal gradually into the heart. 
Amicia might lose a votary, but whom her cousin once won would ever 
be a captive; for some maids, as the poet sings, weave nets while 
others make cages,” 

PROGRESS OF PAINTING. 

Beautiful is it when across the vivid faney floats a new creation, the 
germ of some noble work which may give its painter’s name to immor- 
tality! The eagar hand snatches the pencil, quickly striving to ‘‘ catch, 
ere it flee, the Cynthia of the minute.” ‘Then comes forth Thought, 
with her meditative brow, and Imagination, with flashing eyes, and of 
the twain the bright Ideal is the offspring. Then, the skilful hand 
engages in the execution, and soon the rapid outlines show the advanc- 
ing shadow of the coming beauty. The figures are clothed with form 
and colour. The features assume the true expression. The landscape 
may lend its reality to the scene. At length, matured by contemplation, 
and corrected by judgment, the finished painting glows with the love- 
liness of nature and the hues of truth. All eyes are eager to view—all 
tongues delight to praise it, and surely, however painfully such crown- 
ing perfection has been attained—for without patient study and much 
industry, never yet was there a truly great painter—the consummation 
thus glorious repays all the pains. 

From the extracts some idea of the peculiar style and sentiment 
of “Titian”? may be obtained. We may add that there are many 
beautiful snatches of poetry scattered through the volumes, some of 
which are certainly worthy of being ‘‘ wedded to immortal music.” 
We have room for one graceful lyre.— 

LEONOR. 

As the violet loveth the welcome shade, 
As the mariner loveth the sea— 

As the peasant-boy loveth his native glade, 
Where his bounding step is free— 

As the nightingale loveth the lonely flower, 
Which blooms by the rippling rill— 

As the maiden loveth the moonlight hour 
When music hails her still ; 

So is my spirit’s love for thine, 
As it never would part more, 

And deems that thou art half-divine, 
Leonor ! Leonor! Leonor! 


But the mariner finds an ocean grave, 
And the violet blooms to die— 

And the peasant sinks into the slave 
Beneath a tyrant’s eye— 

And withers the rose by the rippling stream— 
And.the bird’s sweet strain grows dull— 

And a cloud flits over the moon’s pale beam 
For the loss of the beautiful. 

And s0, fair spirit, thoughts of thee 
In care and grief flow o’er, 

When lingers the bright, the glad, the free, 
Leonor! Leonor ! Leonor! 


Animal Chemistry ; or, Organic Chemistry in its Applications to 
Physiology and Pathology. By Justus LIEBIa, M.D., Ph.D., 
F.R.S. Edited from the Author’s Manuscript, by WILLIAM 
Greaory, M.D., F.R.S., L. & EB. 


Science, like things of less importance, has its peculiar fashions. 
That branch of philosophy which yesterday was cultivated with 
ardour, to-day is superseded by others considered of more para- 
mount value, and these again give way to succeeding ones. During 
these transitions, however, changes occur more or less favourable 
to the improvement of their systematic arrangement ; while the 
division of subjects, and of labour, is made subservient to the more 
certain diffusion of pure philosophy. eo ae 

Considering, then, how intimately connected medicine is with 
its associate sciences, it cannot be a matter of surprise that it should, 
at different periods, assume the tone and language of the prevailing 
and fashionable one. Thus when, about the 17th century, Chemistry 
became the reigning science of the day, and the Adepts, even amid 
their absurd and euthusiastic dreamings, were occasionally pro- 
ducing some useful results, we cannot wonder that the physician 
should endeavour to treat the human body as a laboratory, in 
which the same changes could be produced as in the inorganic 
world. 

However, they soon discovered their mistake, and found it ne- 
cessary to separate the study of the animal economy from dead 
matter ; inasmuch as those beings who are endowed with life and 
sensation are subjected to laws differing from those which goyern 


vr eed ee 


inanimate objects. That, in fact, in animated bodies there exists a 
general cause of the operations of life; that the different organs, 
though constantly dependant upon this cause, have nevertheless 
certain modes of being affected and of acting peculiar to them- 
selves, the consequence of their peculiar structure. To this cause, 
whatever it may be, different names have been given. It is the 
ivognav, or impulsive principle, of Hippocrates; the soul, ner- 
vous power, sensibility, vital principle, solidum vivum, &e., of 
more modern medical philosophers. What these causes are in their 
essence, we know not; ’tis futile to attempt the research. Suffice 
it that it exerts an influence upon all the organs of the human 
body, digests in the stomach, breathes in the lungs, secretes the bile 
in the liver, and thinks in the head. To trace the laws by which 
this cause is governed, to determine the modifications which it 
undergoes in different parts of the system, and in different cir- 
cumstances, and to ascertain the means of operating, both upon 
the whole system in general, and upon any organ in particular, in 
order to preserve or re-establish the regularity of its functions, is 
the province of medicine; and hencearises the necessity of the study of 
animal chemistry. The celebrated Stahl used to observe, Chemie usus 
in medicind nullus, aut fere nullus? This remark, however, is 
heterodox in the extreme. Physiology and chemistry ought ever 
to go hand in hand—nay, they ought to be so “ fused together” as 
to render separation impossible. Until lately, however, it has been 
a sad reproach to our physiologists that they have had but a very 
limited acquaintance with the methods of chemical research ; and 
Professor Liebig justly ascribes to this, the fact, “ that for the last 
fifty years they have established so few new and solid truths in 
regard to a more profound knowledge of the functions of the most 
important organs of the spleen, of the liver, and of the numerous 
glands of the body.” 

We are indebted to Professor Liebig, not only for bringing the 
important subject of animal chemistry frequently before the world, 
but for doing it in such a form that it becomes one of the most 
beautiful and popular sciences of the day. 


ELEMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY FOR 
FARMERS, 

a URING a long series of years the agriculturist turned a 
Ws deafear to the suggestions of the practical chemist, content to 
follow the beaten track of established custom, and fearing to 
risk in experiment the success he had already obtained. In 
course of time, however, the successful application of chemical 
agencies in the rearing of crops, and the treatment of soils, 
by certain philosophic landholders, forced upon the attention of almost 
every one the necessity of a thorough investigation of the subject. 
The writings of Sir Humphrey Davy, and more recently those of 
Professor Liebig, gave an impulse to the matter. Societies of farmers 
sprang up in all directions, having for their objects the chemical 
examination of soils and manures; the chemist, so long laughed at as a 
visionary, was called in, and from John o’Groats to Land’s end a new 
spirit of emprize pervaded the cultivators of the soil. 

In aseries of practical papers we intend, therefore, to assist the 
farmer in his studies—to teach him how to proceed in his useful inves- 
tigations—to point out to him the modes of analysing soils and manures, 
and more especially the doctrine of adaptation under different circum- 
stances. ‘l’o this end we shall, with a due regard to perspicuity, avoid 
all unnecessary details and scientific technicalities. 

We commence, then, by a consideration of the elementary substances 
entering into the composition of plants, soils, and manures; the state in 
which they exist, and the process of combination; and finally, the 
application of the knowledge of these facts to agriculture. 

‘The chemist divides all bodies into two grand classes, viz.—the simple, 
and the compound: the last are again divided into organic and inorganic 
bodies. A simple or elementary body is one incapable of decomposition 
or further simplification. ‘Thus, iron (as well as all metals) is a simple 
body ; do what we may with it, it still remains iron, we cannot simplily 
its stale—we may combine it with other bodies, but we cannot separate 
or decompose the metal itself. Chalk, on the other hand, is a compound 
body, consisting of lime and carbonic acid ; if we hext it, therefore, the 
carbonic acid escapes in the form of gas, and quick-lime remains. 

There are known to chemists fifty-five or fifty-six elementary sub- 
stances ; but of these, only a few will come under our notice in these 
papers. 

Having thus pointed out, as briefly as possible, the difference between 
a simple and a compound body, we shall, in the next place, spenk of 
organic and inorganic substances. The term organic seems to imply 
the possession, by certain substances, of a set of organs or apparatus 
necessary to their continued existence. This, however, is not univer- 
sally the case. Plants and animals are certainly thus provided, and 
hence are organic ; but there are many compounds which possess no 
organism, yet, inasmuch as they are the products of living bodies, are 
denominated organic—such are starch, vinegar, &c. Under these cir- 
cumstances, therefore, there may be, in some cases, a dithculty in the 
way of the experimenter, inasmuch as he may not always be able, by 
simple inspection, to ascertain whether the body before him be orzanie 
or not. Itis our province, then, to teach the student how to resolve this 


a 


Sy 
<4 


Bo) Wyse 


difficulty, and not only so, but to ascertain whether the supposed 
organic compound be an annnal or vegetable product. 

For this experiment take a small glass tube, provided with a handle 
of wire turned round it (see fig. ) 


Then place the substance to be examined (suppose ita piece of paper) 
in the tube, and subject it to the heat of a spirit-lamp. When the heat 
has been applied a sufficient length of time, a white fume will be pro- 
duced, and also a dark-coloured liquid, having an empyreumatic odour, 
If we now hold within the tube a piece of blue litmus paper, it will be 
reddened, indicating the presence of a volatile acid, produced by the 
decomposition of the paper, and a black mass will remain in the tube : 
this is charcoal. ‘This test indicates the vegetable origin of the organic 
substance. 

Now clean out the tube, and take a feather or piece of wool, and 
apply heat in the same way. On applying the litmus paper reddened 
in the last experiment, its original blue colour will be immediately 
restored, proving that the decomposition in this case has produced an 
alkali. The white fumes, and the dark coloured liquid will be pro- 
duced as in the former experiment, but the odour developed will be 
much more unpleasant. ; 

If, therefore, the body behaves under the influence of heat, in the 
manner just described, it is organic. If litmus be reddened, it is 
a vegetable product. If the original blue colour of the reddened litmus 
be restored, the substance under examination is animal matter. 

Elementary bodies are divided into metallic and non-metallic sub- 
stances. Organic matter is principally composed of four non-metalli e 
elements—viz., carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, ‘The first o f 
these is a solid; the three remaining ones are gaseous. 


T 


Apogile Mun dis eRe See AE eae SiG ET SEEM Gan LL matter also enters into the composition of vegetables, 
as may be proved by burning straw, wood, or grain; for upon so 
doing, a whitish ash remains which is “entirely i inor ranic, and has been 
derived from the soil, and from the original quantity contained in the 
seer 

The quantity of inorganic matter in the form of ash varies greatly in 
different: substances, as ‘shown in the following table :— 

1,000 parts of dry potatoes yield .......-.... 40 parts of ash 


Whedt.cvicsucecceceecereses mod 


Wheat, StYAW.ceccessccesosecoe 


70 
OBES. coccccccccccrccvessyoosee 40 


Oat straW .cccsccccetvescaseces Ol 

From this table we learn two important lessons : :—First, that different 
substances yield a varied product of ash; and that even wheat, and 
wheat-straw, differ considerably in the amount of i inorganic matter they 
contain. Secondly, that, as oats and oat-straw contain less inorganic 
matter than wheat, "they will thrive in a soil containing less of that sub- 
stance than wheat will. 

The elements forming the inorganic portion of plants are principally 
the following: :— Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, sul- 
phur, phosphorus, chlorine, and fluorine, 

In our next paper we shall proceed to the consideration of those ele- 
ments which enter into the composition of the organic portion of vereta- 
bles, commencing with carbon. 


Assite Intelligence. 


————_ 
CHARTIST TRIALS AT LANCASTER, 


(Before Baron Rolfe), 
Third Day—Friday, Mareh 8. 
THE QUEEN U. 0’CONNOR AND OTHERS. 

The Attorney-General stated, on behalf of the Crown, that he should offer 
no further evidence against John Wild and Thomas Pitt, two of the defendants, 
who would therefore be entitled to be acquitted. 

After a lengthy examination of witnesses, a document from the Stamp-office 
was putin to show that Mr. O’Connor was the proprietor of the Northern Star, 
after which the trial was adjourned at 7 o’clock. 


Fourth Day—Saturday, March 4. 

The Northern Star, containing Mr. O’Connor’s article on “The Meeting of 
Delegates,” was put in and read ; the address of the National Conference to 
their brother Chartists, which the same paper contained, was also read, 

During the examination of the witness Cartlidge, Mr. O’Connor intimated to 
the Court that the witness was in the indictment. 

The Attorney-General thanked Mr. O’Connor for the intimation, and said 
he thought he had given instructions for a nolle prosequi to be entered. 

As this appeared not to have been done, the Attorney-General then entered a 
nolle prosequi; but Mr. Dundas contended that the witness was incompetent 
upon the ground that he had neither been acquitted nor the nolle prosequi 
entered before the Attorney-General opened the case. 

The Attorney-General believed that he was entitled by law to examine the 
witness, and that it was absotutely necessary for the ends of justice that he 
should be examined. 

His Lordship was of opinion that the evidence was admissible in law. 

The Attorney-General read a note from page 141 of Roscoe’s Evidence in 
support of his view. 

His Lordship thought the Attorney-General might at any time enter a nolle 
prosequi in cases of the kind. He suggested that the more regular course 
might be to have the witness acquitted at that period by the jury. 

A verdict of Acguittal was accordingly returned in the cases of the wit- 
nesses, Scholefield, jun., Wilde, and Pitt. 

Fifth day—March 6. 

His lorship sat this morning as usual at nine oclock, and the evidence for 
the prosecution was proceeded with. 

The case for the prosecution having closed, 

His lordship then observed there were sev eral counts in the indictment set- 
ting forth at least two different offences, a conspiracy and a riot, and he 
wished to know what the Attorney-General proposed to do respecting them. 

Atter some conversation the Attorney-Gene ral said’ that the principal charge 
against these defendants was the conspiracy. Against the greater number. there 
was no evidence of riot; and such being the case, he would proceed on the 
first four counts alone, and abandon the others relating to the riot, 

Mr. Dundas then made a long and very able speech on behalf of the defen- 
dant Brook, and in speaking of the executive placard published by the con- 
ference at Manchester, contended that it was a strong but scarcely treasonable 
placard, It might be a foolish proclamation, but did it convey the serious 
meaning the prosecution had imputed to it? Was it more than an argu- 
ment in favour of a continued strike? The style of the placard was half Os- 
sianic and half Buonapartist ; but did it amount to more than this—that there 
had been a long struggle between the labourer and the capitalist, and that the 
present was a favourable opportunity for the former to obtain his rights? It 
was natural for the poor man to feel that his labour was not sufficiently pro- 
tected by the law, not tothe same extent as the inanimate property in the pos- 
session of the merchant. He might be wrong, but if he was of that opinion, 
he had a right to put his seal to it. The placard recommended universal suf- 
frage. He (the learned counsel) did not think this would be a remedy 
for all political evils, but he thought a very honest man might think so. 
The placard recommended peace and order. The Attorney-General spoke 
several times of these being mere words of form: but the absense of outrage 
and violence in the actual conducting of this movement, was the best proof of 
their being words of weight and value. ‘The whole of this composition was 
nothing more than an expression, in strong language certainly, of political 
opinions, but which they had a right to hold, As to the couclusion, with re- 
ference to the God of Justice and of Battles, the Attorney-General had given 
this a harsh meaning. He had spoken of it as if itmeant they should take up 
arms; but take it with the context, conld it be fairly and justly construed to 
mean more than that struggle which was so frequently spoken of in the other 
proceedings of the conference, the struggle of justice against injustice, the 
battle for their rights, or what they believed to be such, to be legally carried 
on, and legally and constitutionally won! 

Mr. Baines then defended Mr. Scoleficld. He could not help expressing his 
disapprobation of the course adopted by the Crown. The present indictment 
was a monster indictment. One of a kind unheard of before, and which he 
trusted would never be seen again. What a hardship it imposes upon each of 
the fifty-nine defendants, many of whom are not defended by counsel, and 
who are still expected each to examine and analyse the mass of evidence 
which it had occupied the Crown tive days in laying before them, and to be 
able to select, and to answer the various facts scattered through the heap 
which might apply to his individual case! But the prosecution sought also to 
apply each of nine counts in this indictment to each of these defendants, so 
that, but for the manner in which the record had been shortened on the sug- 
gestion of the learned judge, there would have been no fewer than 531 questions 
to be submitted to them.—The remainder of the learned counsel’s speech was 
addressed strictly to the evidence adduced against his client. 

Mr. Sergeant Murphy, for Dr. M‘Douall and others, said he thought he 
might almost leave the case of his clients upon the observations of his learned 
friends. He must remark, however, that there was no charge known to the 
English law which extended so widely, or which was so difficult to guard 
against, as that of conspiracy. By it men were rendered liable, in many cases, 
for the rash, or wicked, or illegal acts of others. As to the particular defen- 
dants, he begged them to remember that, in the case of Durham, in many 
instances where he was spoken of as appearing at these public meetings he 
repudiated the Charter as an object of the strike, and recommended peace and 
order to the multitude. His object as to the strike was legal—that was not 
denied—and he had, in the advocacy of that object, recommended none but 
legal means. He would not go over the ground occupied by his learned friend 
with regard to the legality of that placard. He would, however, join with 
him in earnestly begging them not necessarily to infer that the placard is 
seditious merely because its language is strong. The placard was the sole 
evidence against Dr. M‘Douall. The only other circumstances deposed to 
related to the meeting with Mr. O’Comnor at the public-house—a meeting held 
in open day, without concealment, as men might meet on any ordinary busi- 
hess, and which it was ridic sulous to suppose was i meeting of conspirators. 
The ‘Igarned counsel submitted that as to the three parties whom he defended 
there was no-evidence whic h could justify verdicts of guilty. 

The further speeches for the defence were then adjourned till the follow- 

¢ 7 

ing day. Sixth Day—March 7. 

After Mr. Baron Rolfe had taken his seat on the bench 
morning, Mr. Atherton, counsel for the defendants Fe 
the Attorney-General whether he ie 
any of the counts in the indictmen 

The Attorney-General said le would ‘pbendon the last two counts. The 
Sixth and seventh were, it appeared to him, ex seats y subortant with refer- 
ence to some convictions which took place ¢ else of hate a rhe (at Liverpool, 
and he had very little doubt that they had little to do with riot, 

Mr. Atherton then addressed the jury. There was one circumstance in the 
Cause which he could not advert to without gratific rae and for that he 
begged to thank the Attorney-General. He had the Stila of addressing a 
Special jury of this great country, and although pam ud dis ial jury, 
they did not belong to the class which his clients di wey had heard 
the extraordinary nature of the indictinent, and of the hardship of putting no 
less than fifty-nine persons in one bill. He did not complain of that, but 
mentioned it for the purpose of showing that it was the more important that 
they should be of opinion that the charge was clearly and undoubtedly inade out. 

They would find that the utmost vigilance had been used for the purpose of 
Setting up the case—that the country had been scoured tO produce evidence 
against his clients, who had neither the wealth nor the power of bringing for- 

ward evidence sufficient to meet the ease for the prosecution. There were two 
Classes of parties charged ; the delegates who met in conference at Manchester, 
and the turn-outs. Several of the persons were charged with being present at 
hat conference, and with taking advantage of the turn-out for the purpose of 


at nine o’clock this 
ntonand Stevenson, asked 


I come to the conclusion of abandoning 


HE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY TS SEG SS 


bringing about, by unlawful means, a change in the principles of the con- 
stitution of this country; but he (Mr. Atherton) defied the Attorney-General 
to the proof that he had "demonstrated the guilt of a single defendant. The 
meeting of delegates held in Manchester on “the 17th of August had nothing 
whatever to do with the turn-out, and could only, therefore, be considered as 
an accidental coincidence. But two witnesses spoke to his clients, and he con- 
tended that their evidence was not sufficient to warrant the Jury in convicting 
Fenton and Stevenson. The Chartists, as a body, instead of being violent 
and turbulent, were a peaceful set of men. And he appealed to their conduct 
of that day as a proof of their peaceable dispositions, and of the consciousness 
they felt that even their most particular friends had no secrets which they 
could betray. 

Mr. M‘Oubrey then rose to address the Jury in behalf of the defendants 
Mooney, Aitkin, and Thornton, but the Attorney-General abandoned the case 
against the latter, and a verdict of Acquittal was entered in his case. 

Mr. M‘Oubrey then proceeded to address the Jury in behalf of the other two 
defendants, After referring to the meeting at Mr. Scholeficld’s chapel, at which 
the defendant Aitkin was present, he proceeded to argue that he was there 
merely as a trades’ delegate, and not as a member of the conference, it being 
agreed that the trades’ delegates might be present as spectators. But there was 
another witness who proved. that the defendant Mooney had told him, in speak- 
ing of some meetings held at Ashton, that they (the Chartists) were prepared 
to resist force hy force, and that they had four guns and some pistols. He 
(the Learned Counsel) thought the Jury could not take this as seriously meant, 
for nobody in their senses would suppose that they really meant to face the 
military with so contemptible a force. He trusted the jury would show, by 
their verdict, that they would not consider Englishmen guilty of a conspiracy, 
merely because they boldly expressed their opinions, 

Mr. O’Connor then stated that each of the defendants would address a few 
words to the jury previous to his doing so, and he believed that they had 
arranged amongst themselves the order in which they meant to speak. 

The Learned “Judge acquiesced in this arrangement, and the defendani J. J. 
Harvey proceeded to address the jury. After bespeaking their indulgence, he 
proceeded to notice the nature of the indictment, which included no less than 
58 persons along with himself, 36 or 40 of whom he had never heard of before, 
and most of whom he never met until he was arrested and taken to Kirdale 
gaol. Some of them were from Sheffield, some from Ashton, some from Man- 
chester, and others from various parts of the country, and if all the defendants 
were placed before him he could not point out more than a dozen of them, 
and how could he be guilty of conspiracy with persons whom he did not know? 
He was charged with a conspiracy, beginning on the Ist of August; yet none 
of the witnesses had spoken to him as being present at any meeting before the 
17th of August, several days after the strike took place; in fact, he never 
heard of the strike until the 13th, when he read it at his own house in Sheffield. 
He then read an advertisement calling a meeting of the people of Sheftield, 
which was held, and at which it was resolved not to turn out; that he pro- 
posed a resolution to that effect, and obtained its adoption, and through his 
exertions there a strike was prevented at Sheffield, 

The defendant, Samuel Parks, made a very irrelevant and wandering defence. 

A Juror asked his lordship whether it was necessary they should pay 
particular attention to all that was said by the defendants. Most of the 
speeches of the last two defendants were filled with irrelevant matter. 

The learned judge said the defendants might fi lirly say they were labouring 
under considerable difficulty as to the mode in which they ought to conduct 
their defence, not being acquainted fully with the proceedings of Courts of 
Justice, and he did not wish to stop them if they continued within reasonable 
limits, and did not wander too far from the question. 

Mr. O’Connor hoped the remark made by the juror would be entered on his 
lorpship’s notes. 

The learned judge intimated his dissent. 

Mr. M‘Oubrey said the remark of the juror was really of so extraordinary a 
nature, that he hoped some notice would be taken of it. It was saying in 
effect, that an English jury— 

The learned judge could not allow any observations to be made on it. He 
must say, however, he never had such an application made to him before. 

The defendant Parks then continued to address the jury. 

Richard Otley next addressed the jury, contending that he had not been 
guilty of any conspiracy ; and that, so far from his having taken part in the 
turn-out, he had effectually used all his influence to prevent a turn-out of the 
artisans of Sheffield. 

The defendant, William Pilling, a poor-looking man, meanly clad, next 
addressed the jury, at considerable’ length, in an effective speech, which pro- 
duced great effect on the auditory, He commenced by complaining of the 
mode which the solicitor to the Crown had pursued in order to obtain 
evidence against him, and of the conduct of Wileocks, who, although he had 
taken part in some of the meetings, cunningly contrived to evade a prosecu- 
tion, He said the cursed factory system was bringing ruin on the country. 
He was 42 years of age, and looked 60, instead of 36, as he should have done 
had he been fairly treated. He was a hand-loom weaver; and twenty years 
ago he could have earned 16s. per week, but in 1840, although he worked 
twelve hours a day, he could only earn 6s. Iu consequence of being 
unable to keep his wife and family, he had been compelled either to 
seek parish relief for their support, or to go into a factory to labour; and 
much as he detested the latter alternative, he had chosen it in preference 
of the former. He had become a convert to the Ten Hours’ Bill, in conse- 
quence of the statements which had been made by the late Mr. Sadler, of 
Leeds, and Mr. Oastler; he had become a convert to a Ten Hours’ Bill, and 
had used his utmost endeayours to prevent wages being reduced very mate- 
rially ; and, in consequence, the manufacturers of Stockport had combined 
against him, and he was compelled to leave the town: 3; and in the year 1840 
he went to Ashton, where a reduction in wages was made, amounting to as 
much as 1s. out of every 10s. ‘The defendant then entered into a description 
of the hardships he and his family suffered in consequence of the reductions 
in wages, and complained of the system adopted by the manufacturers, some 
of whom had the whole of their factories filled with women only, and refused 
to have any men whatever in their employment. 

The defendant Storer then addressed the jury, and the cases against George 
Johnson and John Allanson were abandoned. After which, Bernard M‘Cartney, 
C. Doyle, W. Beesley, J. Bairstow, and Wolfenden addressed the jury, pro- 
fessing their firm attachment to the principles of the Charter, and expressing 
their belief that they were prosecuted because they were Chartists. 

James Leach was the next defendant who addressed the jury. He com- 
plained that after so long an inquiry as that on which they had been engaged, 
so little real evidence had been produced as to the causes of the various events 
which had been the subject of Observation, and which had brought him and 
the other defendants before the Court. He contended that there was no evi- 
dence that he had attended the meeting of the conference. The defendants 
were charged with endeavouring to produce discontent, in order to effect a 
change inthe constitution of the country. Butthejury would bear in mind that 
when men were well fed and well clothed, it was not easy to persuade them that 
they were naked and hungry; nor was it easy to spread discontent among them. 
The question then arose, what was the eause of the wide-spread discontent 
which had pervaded the country 2? It could not be the Chartist conference 
which had caused this; because notice had been given of its asembling seven 
or eight weeks prior to the occurrence of any of the events which had given 
rise to the present investigation. The Jury must be aware of the fact, that 
nine-tenthg of the labouring classes were ina state of wretchedness and mise- 
rable poverty. The Queen’s specch itself acknowledged the existence of dis- 
tress, and the House of Commons had reiterated “the declaration that the 
people were starving in the midst of plenty. In point of fact wages had been 
reduced to one-half the amount they were 25 years ago, as respec ted any 
given number of cotton hands. There were very few exceptions to this rule, 
and hundred and thousands of people were turned into the streets, without any 
wages at all. In the yeary 1829, there were in twenty of the largest mills 
in Manchester 1,083 spinners, in which there were now only 500 spinners. 
As to the state of the calico printers there, he would mention, as an instance, 
that in one establishment at Bury Ground there were, twenty years ago, 100 
men employed, receiving 30s. a week each; whereas, now there were only 
eleven people employed, three of whom received 3s. Gd. per week, three 10s. a 
week, and the other five alone obtained something like reasonable wages, 
What was the condition of the block-printers? Out of 7,000 block-printers, 
4,000 were now out of employment, and the question put to Sir Robert Peel 
by these men last year was this: ‘* What are we to do? Machinery has taken 
from us our employment, and we have no other description of employment to 
fall back upon. What is to become of us?’ Were the people who said these 
things to be accused of an intent to destroy property ? Let him call the atten- 
tion of the Jury for a moment to the siate of Manchester. There were 3,000 

cottage houses empty, and 3,000 more that paid no rent. What was the cause 
of this?) The people had no money even to purchase food. In Stockport it 
was a question debated in the Town-hall four years ago, whether there should 
be a poor-rate of 43d. or 7d. inthe pound. ‘The latter was adopted. Within 
the last four years there had been a reduction of wages in Stockport, which had 
the effect, according to the statements of the masters themselves, of with- 
drawing from circulation in that town, among the rate-payers, not less than 
£1,500 a week. Mr. Leach then dwelt at much length on the lamentable con- 
dition of the hand-loom weavers, and contended that the only evidence against 
himself personally to bring him within the scope of the charge of conspiracy 
was his having been present at Scholefield’s Chapel on the 17th of August, a 
fact which he would readily have admitted. Dr. M‘Douall, it was said had 
been seen at his house, but he hoped that amongst modern follies it was not 
considered a crime to be hospitable. He was no conspirator. He never de- 
sired to change the institutions of the country by violence. His whole life 
gave the lie to such imputations. He had as deep a stake in the maintenance 
of peace and order as any man. He did not look with indifference on the 
verdict of the jury. He appealed to the jury to consider the general cha- 
racter und conduct of the defendants, as proved in evidence, and he felt sure 
that they would acquit the defendants of the conspiracy with which they were 
charged. 

In answer to a question by the learned Judge, it was stated that all the de- 

fendants who wished had addessed the Jury, except Mr. F. 0" Connor, and it 


was arranged that he should commene his address to-morrow morning. ‘The 
Court rose at half-past six o’clock, 


On Wednesday (the seventh day of the trial), Mr. Feargus O’Connor entered 


upon his defence, He animadverted upon the evidence at great length, and 
proceeded to call witnesses for the defence. 


Their evidence tended to establish the point, which formed the gist of his 


1] 


speech, that he was ‘a man of peace,” a friend of order, a respecter of the 
law of the laud, and that he repudiated all attempts at violence ; and much as 
he desired to see the Charter the law of the land, he at once avowed he 
would not accept it at the expense of even one drop of blood. Among the 
witnesses for the defence were, Mr. Kershaw, Mayor of Manchester, Sir 
Thomas Potter, late Mayor, and Alderman G, R. Chappell. Their evidence 
went to show that the conduct of the Manchester turn-outs, last August, was 
peaceable. The Attorney-General replied, at some length; and, at the re- 


quest of the jury, Mr. Baron Rolfe deferred his summing up until the 
next day. 


Police Lntelligener, 


—— > 
BOW STREET. 


THREATENING THE LIFE OF THE CHANCELIOR OF THE EXcrrovrr.— 
On Tuesday, about two o’clock, the Right Honourable Henry Goulburn, 
Chancellor of the Exchequer, attended at Bow-strect, before Mr. Hall, to 
demand a warrant for the apprehension of one John Dillon, late a captain in 
the Navy, from whom he stated that he believed he ran in danger of his life. 
The following is the substance of the information of the right honourable 
gentleman: —‘‘On, or about the 22nd of February, he received a letter signed 
with the name «John Dillon,’ and dated the 22nd of February, which pur- 
ported to complain of injustice done him through the medium of the Chan- 
cellor of the Exchequer. About the 28th of February ult, he received a 
letter, also produced, and signed by the same John Dillon. [This latter 
was similar to the last; and in it the writer commented on the assassin 
M‘Naughten, and said, that although he abhorred an assassin, yet he consi- 
dered that he should not be doing wrong by shooting a person who had done 
him an injustice.) And on the 4th of March instant, he received another. 
In this letter the writer advanced a claim upon the Governme nt for a Jarge 
sum of money, being, as he said, due to him for boarding a vessel called the 
Peru, and which had been held from him by the informant when he was in 
office as Chancellor of the Exchequer ten years ago; 2s he said there was a 
charge of cowardice hanging over the said John Dillon, and that he would 
not pay him the money until that charge was cleared up. The writer then 
went on to urge that the Chancellor had himself acknowledged that the charge 
had been removed, and that unless the money was paid over to him, he would 
be obliged to follow in the steps of M‘Naughten. Mr. Goulburn added, that 
never having had any communications with John Dillon, except in his official 
capacity, and through these letters, he apprehended that the said John Dillon 
will do him some grievous bodily injury, and does not Jay this information 
from any malice he bears, but merely from personal apprehension.” The wy 
formation Upon oath of James Welch, a colour-maker, residing at No. 8, 
Barnard’s-inn, ran as follows :— I know John Dillon, of 157, Strand. I saw 
him one day last week in a coffee-house, in Westminster, and he commenced 
@ conversation with me about the prisoner M‘Naughten. Dillon referred to 
the case of Bellingham, who shot Mr. Spencer Perceval, and said that there 
was a wide difference between his case and that of M‘ ‘Naughten, which was, 
that Bellingham had received a bond fide injury, and had been driven mad by 
it, whereas the other had received no damage at all, He contended that Bel- 
lingham was perfectly justified in shooting Pereeval. Dillon then continued 
the conversation with two strangers, and told them that he had a claim of 
£15,000 upon the Government, and unless he had it given to him soon, he 
would have a pop at some of them; and if he did shoot any one, it should he 
Goulburn, This occurred late in the evening, and Dillon appeared to be 
quite sober, and also ready to put his threat into execution. ‘ When I am 
tried,’ said he, ‘I will not plead insanity, but injustice.’ One of the strangers 
remarked to him, ‘Why do you not petition the House, and wait for a reply 
to your petition, when it has been laid on the table?” Dillon replied, ‘ Before 
I can receive an answer to any petition I may make, I shall have taken Mr. 
Goulburn’s life, and swung for it... Mr. Hall immediately granted a warrant, 
which was directed to issue at once, but the accused party had not been 
apprehended when the court closed. 


QUEEN-SQUARE,. 


SELLING HARE-SKINS.—Michael Sheeley, a lad eighteen years of age, was on 
Tuesday charged with being found in the house of Lord Francis Egerton, No. 
18, Belgrave-square, with intent to commit a felony. Thomas Wilmer, one of 
his Lordship’s servants, stated he was coming out of the servants’ hall into the 
passage, when he observed the prisoner standing there. On seeing him he im- 
mediately ran up the area steps into the street. He pursued and captured the 
prisoner, who, on being asked what he did there, said he had come down the 
area to see if they had : any hare-skins to sell. Witness took him back to the 
house, and on examining the lower part, found the door of the plate cupboard 
had been opened but that nothing had been taken.—Caroline Caithorpe, a 
young woman, stated that on the Ist of March, in the middle of the day, fe 
saw the prisoner going up the area steps of the house of Sir R. Bulkeley, No. 69, 
Eaton-square, of which her mother had the care. He walked quietly until 
he got into the street, but then ran off with a small bundle which he had 
under his arm. Shortly afterwards her mother missed her shawl from the 
front kitchen.—Prisoner said he had not been near Raton-square on the day 
in question, and he had gone to Lord Egerton’s to see if they had any hare- 
skins, because if they had he should have called for his brother, who was at 
the other side of the square.—Mr. Bond said there could not be the slightest 
doubt as to the object of his visit. He should, therefore, commit him to hard 
labour in the House of Correction for six weeks, 


MARYLEBONE. 


HAMPERING A THIEF.—On Weduesday, Jus. Webb, 2 man dressed as a porter, 
was placed at the bar before Mr. Rawlinson, charged with having stolena hamper 
containing a quantity of champagne and brandy, the property of Messrs. Cars- 
well and Co. Regent-street. The evidence went to slow, that on Saturday 
afternoon last, John Cole, carman to the prosecutors, went out with a cart, on 
which were a number of hampers, &c., amongst which w: a one for conveyance 
to Bath by the Great Western Railway, and another for Sir Charles Clarke, 
residing in Chandos-street. He delivered the latter, and an coming out he 
found that the hamper first alluded to had, during his short absence, been 
carried off, and on looking round, saw prisoner going towards Langham- 
place with the property upon his shoulder. He (the carman) pursued him, when 
he threw his Joad into the road, and made off, but was captured by an officer 
of the E division, No. 156. The hamper had in it four dozen pint bottles of 
champagne, and six larger bottles of brandy. On the prisoner being searched, 
a corkscrew, 2 pocket-book, and a few other trifling articles were found in his 
possession. He had nothing to say, and he was fully committed to Newgate 
for trial. 

AN AFFIRMATIVE.—On Tuesday, James Brown and William Adans, the 
former of whom has been more than once convicted, were placed at the bar 
charged with having Leen concerned in attempting to pick the pocket of Mr. 
Henry Dewie, an American gentleman, residing in Seymour-street, Euston- 
square. Jones, the usher, held out to Mr. Dewie the New ‘Testament for the 
purpose of swearing him thereon in the usual way, but he signified his ob- 
jection to make oath, and held up his right hand.—Mr. Rawlinson (to Mr. 
Dewie): Do you object to be sworn, Sir?—Mr. Dewie: I do; I’) hold up my 
hand, if you please, or I'll affirm. [’m a citizen of a aence. and in the Law 
Courts there I have had the privilege of doing one or the other.—Mr. Rawlin- 
son: You are a Christian, I suppose?—Mr. Dewie: I am, Sir.—Mr. Raw- 
linson: It is essential to the ends of justice that you should be sworn in the 
way adopted by this country.—Mr. Dewie: I don’t wish to be sworn, but I’m 
willing to affirm.—Mr. Rawlinson: If you are a Quaker I can permit you to 
do so, but not otherwise.—Mr. Dewie said that he was not of that persuasion, 
and as he persisted in his refusal to be sworn, he was ordered to stand down.— 
The case, however, was proved by Eaton, 93 8, who stated that, suspecting the 
prisoners, he followed them a considerable distance, and in Seymour-street, 
Adams put his hand into Mr. Dewie’s coat-pocket; they then moved off, but 
were almost immediately afterwards taken into custedy.—They were com- 
mitted for six weeks to the House of Correction. 


WORSHIP-STREET. 

A CANTERBURY TALE.—On Wednesday, Edvard Hole, an exceedingly thick- 
lipped and sullen-looking young man, was finally examined before Mr. 
Broughton, the sitting magistrate, upon a charge of robbing his employer, Mr. 
Noble, a baker, at Little Bourn, near Canterbury. The prisoner had been the 
Prosecutor’s apprentice, and five years in his service, but about three weeks 
since, being sent to pay £25 into the Canterbury bank, he absconded with the 
money; and it was then discovered that he had also appropriated to his own 
use various sums of money which he had received from different customers. 
His master, who knew that he had a sweetheart, who is servant in a family at 
Pentonville, came to London last week, and having obtained some trace of 
him, applied to the police, who were cautioned that the prisoner was believed 
to have a brace of loaded pistols, which he had brought from the country, and 
that he would, in all probability, endeavour to use them, as he was of a des- 
perate disposition, and had on a former occasion made an attempt to shoot 
a near relative in the country. Police constable Cole, 103 G, said that the 
prisoner went to sleep last Tuesday night, at the coffee-house ofa Mr. Barton, 
in Old-street, and was apprehended there about midnight, after he had retired 
to bed. He had locked himself in, but was induced to open the door by the 
witness, who pretended that he had come for an article left in the room by a 
lodger who had slept there the night before. The witness, on, entering the 
room, however, stated the real nature of his visit, upon which the prisoner 
sprang to the bedside to take a pistol from his jacket pocket, but the constable 
seized his hand in the pocket with the pistol, before he had time to effect any 
mischief. The pistol (produced) was loaded with ball, and five other bails, 
with powder, &c., were found in another pocket. Mr. Broughton, having had 
the depositions shortly taken, gave directions to Cole to take the prisoner to 
Canterbury. 


Breaincuam and Derry Raravay.—During the last half-year 
98,000 passengers had been carried on the line. ‘The-third class passenger 
traftic had increased at the rate of 72 per_ cent., and in the Foods de- 
partment there had been an increase of 5,000 tons, or £3,412. The 
umount received for passengers was £194; 870. 
£8,978. 


The balance in hand | 


12 


THE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY TIMES. 


i! 


| i Y : alli Ve i : 
ed Aiea: 


Amid the numerous signs of the great advance that has been 
made within the few last years by the principles of Reform, may 
be ranked the fact that the most splendid of all the metropolitan 
clubs is that which is in its name and character exclusively libe- 
ral. The Reform Club, of which an engraving is here given, is 
justly considered to be one of the most splendid pieces of architec- 
ture by which the metropolis is adorned, and throws its Conserva- 
tive neighbour, the Carlton, as much into the shade as the en- 
lightened views entertained at the one eclipse the dark and narrow 
pelicy supported by the members of the other. It is not many 
years ago that Reform was scouted with contempt from the com- 
paratively humble dwellings of even the middle classes of society, 
who being themselves ‘ well to do,” were selfishly desirous of 
leaving things as they were, in spite of the warnings that those 
who, could see further than the day, and who cared for something 
beyond themselves, were continually giving expression to—Reform, 
which for many years had no better champion in Parliament than 
Sir Francis Burdett, who, session after session, proposed a resolu- 
tion which he could find no one even to second—Reform, which 
was treated with ridicule by enemies, and almost despaired of by 
friends, has experienced triumphs, which if they have afforded as 
yet but little substantial good, have paved the way for the ultimate 
accomplishment of all that can be desired. We have seen a Tory 


ODDITIES OF THE WORLD.—No. I. 


' Ay, travel where we will—over hill or across dale, 


Vie wl? ergs 
CAGCKYUGY VTE 
THE REFORM CLUB. 


Ministry, supported by the influence of the Crown, scattered to the 
winds by the breath of a people demanding, almost with one voice, 
the accession to power of a Government pledged to a reform of a 
bold and sweeping character. From the moment that the measure 
of Lord Grey became the law of the land, it was impossible that 
any set of men could, for any length of time, continue to hold the 
reins of power, without being prepared to carry on the Government 
in a tone and spirit decidedly liberal. The days are past for those 
who are entrusted with the Government to affect a disregard for 
the will of the people; and the doctrine that the many are to yield 
implicit obedience to the few, has long been abandoned by all, as 
insupportable. 

It might, perhaps, be considered as a primé facie proof of the 
liberal cause having taken a retrogade direction, that the Whigs 
are out of office, and that their places are occupied by the men 
who have usually borne the name of Tories or Conservatives. So 
far, however, from our seeing any reason for discouragement in the 
downfall of Lord Melbourne and the accession of Sir Robert Peel, 
we regard it as an excellent omen for the liberal cause—inasmuch 
as it shows a determination on the part of the country to banish 
distinctions of a merely nominal kind, and to test politicians by the 
acts they perform rather then by the names they give themselves. 
Those who expected that Tory ascendancy would be re-established 


to the Cape, and we shall stumble on excrescences and eccentri- 
cities, which can only fall under the above heading. Here we 
shall meet with a knobby protrusion from that strange body 
called the Social Compact, and here we shall find as odd a pro- 
trusion from the plain surface of that even-going old lady, Dame 
Nature, in the shape of some eccentric mountain or illegal lake, 
who do not choose to be regulated by the proprieties of aspect or 
the laws of being, which control the form and fashion of their 
better governed brethren. And what would earth be without 
them? A dull, plain, seedy place—unentertaining from its mo- 
notony, and unintelligible from its want of strong marking. If 
you would read Society, you can only read itas your satirists do 
by the study of its points. Ifyou would identify Nature, it must 
be by catching some bizarre shape, or unusual form, by which to 
appropriate your portraiture. Oddity is the real individuality. 
He who hasit not is an unit in the account of the mass. He reckons 
one in the statistics of population, carries a Christian name, if his 
father and mother gave him a fair chance of doing so, eats, 
marries, drinks, sleeps, and is never talked of by any body who 
is not upon his visiting list, or who counts not among his cousins. 
Ludwig Von Smokanuph was the oddest of an odd class. Lud- 
wig was a German student, carrying the vices of his brethren to 
excess, but paying an equal respect to their virtues. In relation 
to common sense, he might be defined as one-half baboon—one- 
quarter poct—one-eighth of the preuaz chevalier, and the rest 
‘bitter beer,’ ‘ tobacco,’ and ‘ écarté? Making fair allowances for 
exaggeration, the same description will embrace nine-tenths of the 
body he belongs to; and as the remaining tenth has the common 
family features of the masses, there is no necessity for giving it any. 
Ludwig was a genius; he spoke four languages beside his own, 
and spoke none of them so that they could be understood by the 
exercise of any faculty which did not approximate to inspiration. 
He talked a great deal about foreign literature ; and after a social 
discussion of Rhein-wein with his intimate friends, would recite 
Hamlet’s famous soliloquy after a German and peculiar fashion of 
his own, which greatly heightened its sublimity. Byron’s Cain 
was a fayourite yolume of the excellent Ludwig’s; and when he 
quoted from Don Juan, he always placed the extracted thoughts 
in the mouth of Lucifer—a new arrangement, by which the poet 
was decidedly benefitted. Goéthe was, however, thegreatliterary idol 
of the bursch, and the second part of Faust was his favourite volume, 
for the precise reason which made him a resolute follower of Kant. 
He neither understood the poem nor the philosopher. Schiller was 
a devotion, but Korner was a passion. And when asked for a 
reason touching his faith in any of the above-mentioned poets, he 


by mountain | always treated the question esthetically ; hence it was not to be 


or plain, city or forest—overrun the earth from the North Pole! marvelled at, that the world did not thoroughly understand him. 


ypu 


when the Whigs were expelled from office, showed themselves 
unnecessarily timid if they were the friends of reform, and exces- 
sively short-sighted if they were its enemies. It is a moral impos- 
sibility that, with even the present limited amount of influence 
which the will of the people can exercise over the choice of the 
House of Commons,—it is, we say, impossible, even with the cir- 
cumscribed power which popular opinion possesses, that any 
Minister can maintain his ground if he sets himself in opposition 
to the advancement of liberal principles. Sir Robert Peel, with 
all his boast of having reconstructed the Conservative party, has 
governed, up to the present moment, not so much by the aid of, 
but in spite of it. He has feared opposition to his measures from 
nominal friends rather than from his accustomed political foes ; for 
he has felt that there is a power in the country to which he has 
been obliged to yield obedience, even at the occasional risk of 
diminishing materially his majorities in Parliament. 

Reform, instead of being thrown back by the overthrow of the 
Whig Government, has, if at all arrested, been only pausing before 
it takes a bolder spring in advance than any that it has yet accom- 
plished; and we look confidently forward to reaping some of tlie 
fruit of which the Reform Bill was but the germ—the crop of 
which must be eventually gathered. 


Another of Ludwig’s peculiarities was his love of the “duello.” 
He fed upon it. It was his mental meat and drink. He had 
fought four score and five in the first year of his residence, and 
never lost blood enough to drown a fly. We would attribute this 
to his luck, had the University in the last two years lost a pint of 
that precious ichor (except under the hands of a surgeon, when 
treating for the apoplectic tendencies of intoxication), but as duels 
averaged five or six per diem, and nobody had received more than 
a skin-scratch for seven or eight years, this must be attributed to 
the custom of the country, rather than to any peculiar passion 
with which Von Smokanuph had inspired the fortuna belli. In 
fact, the schlager was one of those harmless weapons with which 
the dextrous swordsman might manage to poke out an eye or 
curtail a nose, but could certainly do no further injury; the more 
especially as each duellist was encased in leather and horse-hair 
enough to have stuffed and covered half-a-dozen chairs, which 
formed such a skin as a pistol-bullet could scarcely penetrate. The 
bravery of the burschen was fully equalled by their prudence, and 
more than equalled by their ingenuity, 

In his line, Ludwig is a Platonist, and gets excessively drunk 
upon thin beer, that he may sing the beauties of some imaginary 
Carlina without blushing. He, however, carries on a strong flirta- 
tion with the goldsmith’s fair-haired Gerschen over the way, and 
“thou’s ” her with all the fervour of present passion, taking care, 
at the same time, to look over his shoulder whenever he passes 
her in the carriage of Madeline Von Rosenthal, his cousin, or 
lounges by her father’s shop with the swect little Marie, who re- 
joices in being the daughter of the great professor, Von Strahl, 
Moreover, he plays écarte au merveille, when he can persuade his 
friend to sit with his back to the window on a summer evening, so 
that he can count the pips and see the coluur through the texture 
of the cards which he deals him, The rest of his character is 
always thrust under your nose. Tobacco and cherry-stick pipes {ll 
his room. Tobacco hangs at his breast in a pouch, and a meersehanum 
peeps out of his pocket when it is not between his lips. Tobacco 
begins the day, and tobacco ends it- He has no idea of a heaven 
from which tobacco must be excluded, or of an earth upon which 
tobacco is not to be inhaled. A smoking-room is to him the 
earthly Eden, He smokes in bed aud out of it, until he is so tho- 
roughly imbued with tobacco, that were he cut into small pieces 
and carefully dried, he might make a good substitute for it. His 
life is one long fumigation. He fights with a pipe in his mouth— 
walks with it between his lips—drives with it at his side, and gam- 
bles with it in his pocket. To the waltz alone it gives place. Sce 
Ludwig Von Smokanuph at a ball, reeling round the room like a 
ball of cotton which will never wind out, and you acknowledge 
his supremacy in the science of the dance over all the unprofes- 
sional world. When he begins to waltz, he forgets to smoke ; 
while he smokes, he forgets to waltz. The rest are interludes only 
in existence ; these are the body in his drama. 


THE [LCUSTRATED WEEKLY TIMES. 


13 


Hiterature, 
—-————_ 
Day Dreams. By CHARLES Knox. Ollivier. 
—— HERE is much that is poetical and much that is 
? eet Spa¥ jtrue scattered through this volume. The poet 
s Ais not, perhaps, a great one; but he is a poet, 
A Ayand offers another proof to the world that poetry 
X) is not yet quite dead amongst us. It is true 
‘that there are few startling thoughts and few 
/strong ideas sprinkled among these “ Dreams ;” 
but they possess a sustained and even flow of 
delicate ideas and graceful language, which is in 
itself no meanly poetic quality. The following verses may give an 
idea of our author’s style, which will leave far from an unfayourable 
impression on the reader :— 


But hearts may break, and who shall heed ; 
And tears may sear, and sear in vain; 
Soon champs and foams each gallant steed, 

At fair St. Clement’s antique fane. 
A snow-white courser bears the bride, 
’Twas Cuno’s gift in happier days ; 

Her silver veil can scarcely hide 
Her anguish from the vulgar gaze. 


The loveliest form of sculptured sadness 
Ts scarce so pale, so still, so mute ; 
But see the steed, what sudden madness 
Has seized upon the noble brute ! 
With headlong plunge, with furious bound, 
He rears his form erect in air ; 
Already Curt rolls on the ground, 
With wounds that scarce his life will spare. 


Through man and horse, and priest and knight, 
He scatters wide the startled ranks ; 

And bursts his way in maddened flight 
Along the river’s sedgy banks, 

And see where turns his headlong race, 
It leads to Cuno’s well-known home ; 

With wondering cry, in hopeless chace, 
Behind the hot pursuers come. 


Still sits the maiden saddle fast, 
All whirls as in a hideous dream ; 

Now floundering wild, the steed has passed 
The rocky Morgen’s dangerous stream. 


_ ere 
29 7 Rc wns 


With struggle fierce o’er falling stone, 
And earth uptorn, and crashing tree ; 

The mountain’s castled crest is won, 
One moment and the maid is free. 


With ready haste the drawbridge falls, 
The rugged gates are opened wide ; 

Who deemed that morn within those walls, 
That noon should close them on a bride? 
Right through the arch the charger springs, 

Oh, joy unhoped, no tongue can tell ; 
The grim portcullis rattling rings, 
’Tis gallant Cuno’s wedding bell. 


As our next extract we shall take the following stanza, contain- 
ing, as it does, a power of word-painting, which few modern poets 
possess :-— 

Now the gay insect tribes, in glittering brightness, 
Exult in life—that life a summer’s day ; 

The graceful swallow, on its wing of lightness, 
From the Jake’s breast skims his unconsciousjprey ; 
Creation revels—nature is at play : 

A mother called her child in that faint bleat: 
How fresh the summer morning’s glorious ray ! 


With thisextract we shall close our notice of a work distinguished 
as much by the beauty of its illustrations and by the splendour of 
its type, as it is by the elegance and ease of the author’s intellectual 
exertions. 

—_—_ 


Lirenary Funp Socrery.—The anniversary meeting of the members 
of the above society was held on Tuesday afternoon, at the offices in 
Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury-square. Among those present were 
the Earls of Arundel and Surrey, Sir H. Ellis, Sir R. P. Joddrill, the 
Rev. Dr. Croly, Mr. Crofton Croker, &¢- Henry Hallum, Esq., took 
the chair, Mr. Blewitt, the secretary, read_ the report of the council. 
It stated that the presidency of his Royal Highness Prince Albert had 
proved highly advantageous to the institution ; and thet during the past 
year the sum of £1,255 had been given as relief to distressed literary 
men, their wives and children ; making a total, since the establishment 
of the society in 1790, of £39,000. ‘The amount distributed in 184] 
was £785. ‘The report having been adopted, a letter was read from the 

\ussian Ambassador, announcing that the Emperor of Russia appre- 
Ciated the objects of the institution, and presented it with 1.000 silver 
Tubles (about £155). The Marquis of Lansdowne, the Earls of Arun- 
{land Surrey, Mr. B. B. Cabell, &c., were, re-elected vice-presi- 
ae which, thanks were given to the chairman, andthe meeting 

d. 


The singular plant, of which we give a sketch above, is known to 
botanists under the name of the Dionace Muscipula, or Venus’ Fly 
‘Trap, and isa native of the Savannahs of North and South Carolina. 
It possesses great interest in the eyes of the naturalist ;—first, owing to 
the unusual nutriment upon which it thrives; and, secondly, on account 
of the power it possesses of entrapping its prey. Its leaf is composed 
of a broad winged stalk, expanding into a thick lamina, divided by a 
joint into two semi-circular portions, each of which is edged with a 
row of bristles, giving it, in some degree, the appearance of a rat-trap. 
On the inner surface of each leaf is a row of very fine hairs ; these are 
exquisitely sensitive—and as soon as an insect alights on the leaf, and 
touches these hairs, the two sides collapse, and the prey is enclosed. 
The fly is not killed immediately. Mr. Curtis states, ‘I have often 
liberated flies, and spiders, which sped away, as fast as fear or Joy could 
hasten them.” It frequently happens that upon the same plant may be 
found one leaf, within whose grasp is a living insect, while in another 
is a dead one. 

Nothing in Nature is superfluous—nothing without design, Well 
might the sacred poet of antiquity exclaim, ‘ How wonderful are thy 
works, Lord God of Hosts! inwisdom hast thou made them all.” Thus 
we find that this strange apparatus is necessary to the existence of this 
plant, which, unlike the vegetable product generally, requires organic 
food, That the insect thus entrapped supplies, during decomposition, 
nutriment to its destroyer, may be proved by the fact that if pieces of 
meat be substituted for flies, &c., the plant grows much more luxuriantly 
than otherwise it would do, without this artificial stimulus. Many other 
plants have this power of entrapping living insects; among the number 
we may mention the pretty little English Sunden, and the Nepenthes, or 
Pitcher-plant, of which a sketch will be given in a future number. 


PLESSY. 


which time exerts small power. At twenty-four, a year passes 
lightly ; it steals neither bloom nor beauty from the cheek, nor 
fire from the eye, nor grace from the figure. Alas! as age comes 
closer on us, a year counts up against us, and but too widely 
changes that which it should scarce have touched. But at present 
age and years have nothing to do with Plessy, and who that has 
seen her delicious Estelle could wish they should have? From its 
first to its last line it breathes with beauty. Beauty trembles in 
every slumbering movement or flashing passion of the fawn-like 
eye—plays upon the lip—influences the high-bred and aristocratic 
bearing, and moulds the delicious utterance from which the words 
fall like drops of dew upon the ear. The silent and tender passion 
of the soul never found an exponent more delicate than in that 
touching and mute fear with which she pauses before her father, 
ere called to his arms by the sweet word for whose sound her heart. 
panted. To compare her with her rivals on the French stage would 
be worse than useless. She possesses little or nothing in common 
with them. Alone, as thesuccessor of Madame Mars—at a distance, 
possibly, but nevertheless, the only legitimate successor to the 
sceptre of comedy and vaudeville wielded by that matchless 
actress —she must not be compared with such an artist as 
Albert any more than she is compared with such an actress as 
Rachel. Albert is the actress of oddity and character, while Plessy 
is the representative of conventional sentiment, and the impersonatrix 
of conventional feeling. Each are equally true in themselves ; but 
the one is heartier, and the other more delicate. For ourselves, we 
can answer that we would willingly dispense with the pepper and 
garlic which characterise the coarser plat in favour of the less 
palpable and more refined flavour of the other. We conclude with 
a simile fit for a cook rather than a critic. Spare us your 
disgust, good reader—forget the simile, and join in wishing 
Plessy ;as successful an engagement as she met with a warm 
reception upon Friday last. 


ort ot Paane 
Re OQON wasn 


Le 


“we 


Vath . 


SS 


Gs 


Fashions. 
Paris, March 7th, 1843. 


My DEAR S1r,—The splendid fétes which have lately taken place in this 
city have given such an impetus to the imagination and talent of our artistes, 
that it becomes a matter of some difficulty to do justice to the good taste 
which is usually so conspicuous in their productions; but, which has never 
been exhibited in so extraordinary degree as at some of our late re-unions. 
Perhaps never in the annals of fashion has any thing more beautiful been seen, 
than the tout ensemble afforded by our ladies’ costume, at our late Civil List 
Ball, and at the splendid party of M. Guizot. In the midst of so much novelty 
and beauty, it becomes almost an invidious task to single out any dress con- 
spicuous for its elegance, or its exquisite taste. I shall, therefore, content 
myself with choosing, at random, from among the splendid crowd and shall 
attempt to give a faint description of a few of the dresses, which struck me 
more particularly. 

In the first ete then, let me mention the dress of Mm. la Duchess de B., 
the effect of which was really marvellous. It consisted of a robe of rose- 
coloured gauze, upon which descended, as low as the knee, a tunic with its 
corner twisted and trimmed around its whole circumference with English point 
lace. For coiffure, a scarf was worn of white tulle, embroidered in silver 
fringe, which was left open at the bottom and top, to premit the hair to pass 
through it, and to be fastened up by a comb, set in diamonds ; the silver fringe 
intermingled with the diamonds produced a most admirable effect. 

In a different style, but equally effective, was the dress of another very 
beautiful woman ; and which consisted of a robe of crape, with a corsage a 
la Marie Antoinette, fastened with gold studs; the robe was slightly raised. in 
festoons in front by means of two little garlands of white cauelias, which 
decreased in size as they approached the waist; under this was a robe of white 
satin, trimmed with a deep fall of blond, the whole ornamented with a gar- 
land of natural flowers (camelias.) . 

A lady, who seemed to belong to the same party, wore a robe of blue satin, 
open on both sides, with the lining turned back slightly, covered with silver 
lace; thus permitting the petticoat of rose-coloured satin to be seen beneath. 
A little coiffure, with the borders in rose-coloured velvet, edged with silver 
fringe, and ornamented with a plume of feathers springing from a diamond 
centre, and inclined rather to one side, completed this toilette. 

Near this group we observed another toilette, consisting of a robe of black 
velvet open on both sides of the skirt, permitting the petticoat, which was of 
rose-coloured satin, to be seen through the brandenburgh of jet, which kept 
the two sides of the skirt together. The berthe was in jet, with narrow borders 
in rose-coloured velvet, with a large marabout rose fringed, and kept in its 
place by a splendid bouquet and sprig of diamonds. . 

Perhaps, however, nothing was more effective at M. Guizot’s ball than a robe 
completely formed of blond, trimmed with a garland of May roses, and for head 
dress a crown of roses with the foliage in diamonds. _ : 

I should remark that the fashion of intermixing diamonds with flowers is 
hourly increasing in Paris; and if we are to judge from the beautiful effect 
which this description of ornament affords, it is a fashion entirely deserving 
of the vogue which it has attained. The flowers most in use are roses and 


One of the most delicious actresses that ever trod the stage is | camelias ; but to make them entirelyleffective, they must have a heart or cen- 


Plessy ; and she has been welcomed among us once more as only 


the favourites of the public can be welcomed. Her age is that over | sent want of space warns me to conclnde, 


tre, or at least the foliage, composed of diamonds. ; 
At a future period I may revert to this famous ball of M. cy) at pre- 
MARIE. 


14 


: THE MILLINERS OF THE METROPOLIS. 

The Report of the Children’s Employment Commission has revealed 
to the public eye a mass of human suffering and misery, of the most 
revolting description, It is not our intention this week to pass beyond 
the walls of the metropolis ; nor is it necessary, for within that space 
are exercised cruelties and privations, disgraceful to the English 
character. There are, it seems, in J.ondon fifteen thousand milliners 
and dress-makers, who are employed in providing, at the expense of 
their life’s blood, the gay frivolities of fashionable dress, They com- 
mence work usually at from fourteen to sixteen; that is to say, at an 
age when the future health and constitution is determined by the care 
it then receives. A very large proportion of these poor girlsare boarded 
and lodged in the houses of their employers, thus enabling them to 
exercise over their victims an unceasing surveillance. In the busy 
months—i. e., from April to August, and from October to Christmas— 
the regular hours of work at all the principal houses, are on the ave- 
rage, eighteen hours daily. Mr, Grainger, however, in his report 
states, that ‘long as these hours are, they are very often exceeded.” 
Nor is this all—due attention to the comtort of the poor creatures during 
the few hours devoted to sleep is not consulted—tor they are crowded, 
the poor slaves,\into small apartments, and ‘‘in one instance five slept 
in one bed, and often ten in one room.” 

Miss O’ Neil, of Welbeck-street (who has been a dress-maker and 
milliner several years, and employed in several of the London-houses, 
1s now in business for herself), states, that] 

“The hours of work in the spring season are unlimited. The common hours 
are from six A.M. till twelve at night; sometimes from four A.M till twelve. 
Has herself often worked from six a.M. till twelve at night for two or three 
months together. Jt is not at all uncommon, especially in the dress-making, 
to work all night; just ‘in the drive of the season’ the work is occasionally 
continued all night, three times a-week. Has worked herself twice in the 
week all night.” 

Cases, such as follows, are not uncommon. Miss H. Baker says 
that— 

«On the occasion of the general mourning for His Majesty William IV. she 
worked without going to bed from four o’clock on Thursday morning till half- 
past ten on Sunday morning ; during this time witness did not sleep at all: of 
this she is certain. In order to keep awake she stood nearly the whole of 
Friday night, Saturday, and Saturday night, only sitting down for half an 
hour for rest. Two other young persous dozed occasionally in a chair. Wit- 
ness, who was then 19, was made very ill by this great exertion, and when on 
Sunday she went to bed, she could not sleep.” 

The facts developed in the evidence of the poor girls themselves are 
most horrible. In the establishment of one of our first-rate milliners 
the evidence states that— 

«On special occasions, such as drawing-rooms, general mournings, and very 
frequently wedding orders, it is not uncommon to work all night: has herself 
worked twenty hours out of the twenty-four for three months together; at 
this time she was suffering from illness, and the medical attendant remon- 
strated against the treatment she received. He wished witness to remain in 
bed at least one day longer, which the employer ohjected to, required her to 
get up, and dismissed the surgeon.” 

X. Y., in the same house, ‘ was told she ought to take her breakfast 
standing ;” and ‘f M. D. has known several young persons so much ex- 
hausted, that they were obliged to lie down either in the work-room or 
in their bed-room for an hour before they could undress.” 

In consequence of giving this evidence, which Mr. Grainger was, 
owing to the interruptions of the mistress, obliged to obtain elsewhere,— 

“M. D. was grossly abused before three or four persons; accused of impro- 
per motives in meeting the Sub-Commissioner to give evidence, and at a mo- 
ment’s notice turned out of doors without a character. She has reason to 
believe that her employer has made false representations to her relations. 
These circumstances have caused witness deep mental suffering and anguish, 
and have also most seriously interfered with her future prospects in life. She 
is at this time out of a situation. M. D, is jready to corroborate the truth of 
the whole of these statements on oath,” 

Another witness, aged 25, says she 

“Has been inthe millinery business eight years in London. In the busy 
season she began to work at 7 A.mM., and went on till 12 or 1 in the morning. 
She was so unwell she could not begin before 7; but the principal rrished it. 
Lately has not gone to bed before 2 or 3 in the morning : for a good while 
has been in a bad state of health.” 

Sir James Clark, in his written evidence, remarks that— 

“A mode of life more completely calculated to destroy human health could 
scarcely be contrived, and this at a period of life when exercise in the open air, 
and adue proportion of rest, are essential to the development of the system.” 

Dr. Devonald states that he— 

‘€{s convinced that in no trade or manufactory whatever is the labour to be 
compared to that of the young dress-inakers ; no men work so long. It would 
be impossible for any animal to work so continuously with s0 little rest.” 

Should, however, these poor creatures survive for a few years this 
dreadtul toil, total blindness frequently follows. It is calculated that 
on every occasion of Court mourning, at least thirty poor girls lose 
their eyesight for ever. Melancholy fate! Mr, Tyrrell, surgeon to the 
Opthalmic Hospital, has given most ample and elaborate evidence on 
this point. We quote one case :— 

‘© A fair and delicate girl, about 17 years of age, was brought to witness in 
consequence of total loss of vision. Recovery was hopeless. She had been an 
apprentice as a dress-maker. The immediate cause of the disease in the eye 
was excessive and continued applications to making mourning. She states 
that she had been compelled to remain without changing her dress for nine 
days and nights consecutively: that during this period she had been permitted 
only oceasionally to rest on a mattress placed on the floor for an hour or two 
at atime; and that her meals were placed at her side, cut up, so that as little 
time as possible should be spent in their consumption.” 


We shall recur to this subject in a future number. 


Facts and JFigures. 


ee Ee 
THE THAMES TUNNEL, 

The annual meeting of the proprietors in this undertaking, was held 
at the London Tavern, for the purpose of receiving a report from the 
directors, and on other affairs. ‘The chair was taken by Mr. Benjamin 
Hawes, jun., M.P. 

The Chairman said, that the last time he had the honour of addressing 
them, the promise he had made of the tunnel being opened to the 
public as a thoroughfare, had not been quite fulfilled ; but he had to 
inform the meeting, that a resolution had been come to yesterday, by 
the Court of Directors, requesting the Duke of Wellington, who had 
always been a warm admirer of the undertaking, to appoint a day be- 
tween the 18th and the 25th inst., for the opening of the tunnel for foot 
passengers, and requesting his Grace to honour the Court of Directors 
with his presence at an entertainment to be given on the occasion. 
The interest taken by the public in the work was increasing, as was 
exhibited by the fact that 4,440 persons had visited the works last year 
more than in any previous season, Last year, upwards of 40,000 per- 
sons had paid for admission to the Tunnel. The directors had received 
a certificate from Sir I. Brunel, the engineer, declaring that there was 
not the slightest settlement in any part of the Tunnel. As there were 
tunnels (one in Rome) that had lasted four thousand years, the pro- 
prietors present and to come would have no reason to complain if the 
‘Vhames ‘Tunnel existed so long. After a lapse of nearly twenty years, 
this great undertaking had been accomplished, though many practical 
and scientific men predicted, at the time it was commenced, that;it never 
would be finished. 

Mr. Charlier, the secretary, read the report. 

On the motion that the report be adopted, Mr. Windus asked what 
was intended to be done with the shield—a piece of mechanical power 
that had excited the surprise of all foreigners, as well as our fellow- 
subjects, who had seen it. ; 

The Chairman replied, that the shield having been eight years under- 
ground had become much damaged. The Government was ready to 
make a gift of it to Sir I. Brunel; but the engineer knowing the 
expense the repairs would cost, did not wish to have the weight of 120 
tons upon hisshoulders. If the receipts of the Company would warrant 
it, the shield might be repaired, in order that it might stand as a lasting 
monument of the ingenious means devised by the engineer to complete 
the Tunnel. 

The report and balance-sheet were adopted, and the chairman, in 
reply to questions, said that the trustees af the Kent-road were about to 
make three lines of communication in the direction of the Tunnel. 

Mr. Adams, after a few remarks, then moved— 

“That this general assembly has heard, with the greatest satisfaction, 
the report now laid before it of the completion of the Thames Tunnel as 
a thoroughfare for foot-passengers, and also (with the exception of the 
descent) for carriages, 


eee niet 
0 EE ee — ae 


“ ee 


THE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY TIMES. 


“« That this assembly does now fully sanction and confirm all the acts 
and measures of the directors in thus far carrying into effect the objects 
for which the Company was established.” 

_ The resolution was seconded and carried unanimously. 

Mr. Buckle moved a vote of thanks to Sir I. Brunel, for the zeal, 
perseverance, and skill displayed in carrying out this great work. 

The Chairman begged permission to second the resolution, which was 
carried unanimously. 

Sir I. Brunel returned thanks; and after some further conversation a 
resulution was passed requesting the directors to obtain estimates of the 
probable expense of the carriage way, thanks were passed to the board 
of directors and the chairman, and the meeting adjourned, 

GREAT WESTERN STEAM-SHIP COMPANY. 
_ The annual meeting of the above company was held at their offices, 
in Princes-street, Bristol, on Friday. Mr. T. Kington having taken the 
chair, the report was read by Captain Claxton. 

The report stated that the directors regretted that, as on the last oc- 
casion, they again had to state a falling off in the receipts of the com- 
pany, those for 1841 having been £33,763 5s. 10d., while those for 1842 
were only £30,830 8s. 2d. Although the stagnation of trade, in both 
England and America, had pressed most severely on them, the falling 
off was mainly to be attributed to reports arising out of the peculiar 
condition of the company, and the industrious circulation of the same 
by competing interests, hoth here and on the other side of the Atlantic. 
The expenditure in the year 1841 had been £30,649 19s. 2d., while in 
1842 it had been reduced to £28,615 7s. ld., which included the cost 
of re-coppering and thoroughly repairing their ship, the Great Western, 
which had maintained the high character she had earned by the pre- 
cision and unequalled rapidity of her voyages. The average outwards 
had been 144 days, home 12} days. The directors had used every rea- 
sonable endeavour to sell the Great Western. ‘They had reason to hope 
they should have succeeded in an object to be desired, by the middle of 
January, and this circumstance it was, together with applications for 
charter, which induced them to keep her at her moorings in the river. 
At the request of many friends, the directors were induced to decide 
on a voyage by way of Madeira, by the temperate latitudes. While at- 
tempting to effect a sale of the ship, they could not give a positive 
answer to applicants for passage, which operated against the number 
of passengers. The gross freight, however (£3,725), was more by £465 
than that of the first voyage last year, and only £600 under the average: 
of the season. ‘I'he insurance on bullion sent out by the Great Western 
was effected at from 15s. to 20s., while that by other conveyances at 
the same period was done at 30s, to 40s.—a proof of confidence in the 
ship. The experience of the last season had proved that the interests 
of the company were served by sailing the ship to and from Liverpool. 
The directors recommend the company to authorise them to carry out 
the resolution of the extraordinary general meeting, by borrowing a sum 
not exceeding £20,000, upon an assurance of repayment out of the first 
available funds. The directors had availed themselves of all practicable 
means of improving the interests of the company, but their efforts had 
been counteracted by a misapprehension entertained by some of the 
proprietors. The Great Britain is in a very forward state, and should 
nothing unforeseen arise, she may be floated out within three months. 
The balance of the year’s work, afrer carrying £430 13s. in reduction of 
the expenses incurred in the formation of the company, and of the loss 
on the first voyage, and also inclusive of interest on the reserved fund, 
is £1,784 8s. ld. The amount due on unpaid calls is only £3,065, the 
directors having recovered, in cash and collateral securities, £9,435, 
The cash account showed the profits on the voyages already taken 
(twenty-seven in number) to have been £25,971 15s. 10d. The cost 
of the Great Western was £61,671 15s. 10d. ; the ship and cabin stores, 
&e., £1,081 19s. ; the company’s building establishment cost £50,839 
18s. 9d. The cost of the Great Britain has been to this time 
£73,908 Os. 4d. 

After a lengthened discussion, the report was received, and the di- 
rectors empowered to borrow £20,000, in order to enable them‘ to finish 
the Great Britain with the utmost dispatch. 

Prioters’ Penston Socirry.—At the London Tavern, Bishopsgate 
Street, Mr. Richard Taylor in the Chair. From the report it appeared 
the funds were more than adaquate to meet the claims on the charity, 
which, owing to the depressed state of trade, had greatly increased. 
The dinner, steam excursion, and hiring the Grecian saloon, had 
realised £150, and £400 had been added to the funded property, making 
the capital stock £3,000. The Committee-hoped next year to add another 
£100, which would make the annual dividends just £100 a-year. Three 
pensioners had died during the year; £233 10s. had been received from 
the Franklin pension. 106 pensioners had been elected, and 44 besides 
the Whittingham pensioner were receiving the benefit of the institution. 
The expense of the year was £1369 Is. 6d., which lefta balance in hand of 
£160. The report having been adopted, four pensioners were elected 
out of 23 candidates, £32 was collected during the meeting. Mr. 
‘Taylor was re-elected treasurer, and a vote of thanks was passed to the 
chair. 

EAST INDIA HOUSE. 

On Wednesday a special general court of the Proprietors of Stock 
in this corporation was held at the India House, ‘‘ for the purpose of 
laying before the Proprietors documents relative to the successful mili- 
tary operations in Affghanistan, and resolution of thanks, adopted in 
consequence, by the Court of Directors.” 

The Cuarrman acquainted the Court that certain papers relative to 
superannuations, compensations, &c., presented to Parliament since the 
last general Court, were now Jaid on the Proprietors’ table. After 
poe he proposed the following vote of thanks which was read by the 
clerk. 

The resolution of thanks was then read by the clerk, and is as fol- 
lows :— 

“‘Resolved—That the thanks of this Court be given to the Right 
Hon. Lord Ellenborough, Governor-General of the British posessions 
in the East Indies, for the ability and judgment with which the re- 
sources of the British empire in India have been applied in the support 
of the military operations in Affghanistan. : 

“ Resolved—That the thanks of this Court be given to Major-General 
Sir George Pollock, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable 
Military Order of the Bath; to Major-General Sir William Nott, 
G.C.B.; to Major-General Sir John M‘Caskill, K.C.B.; to Major- 
Gencral Sir R. H. Sale, G.C.B.; to Major-General Richard England, 
and the other officers of the army, both European and_ native, for the 
intrepidity, skill, and perseverance displayed by them in the military 
operations in Affghanistan, and for their indefatigable zeal and exertions 
throughout the late campaign. 

“ Resolved —That this Court doth highly approve and acknowledge 
the valour and patient perseverance displayed by the non-commissioned 
officers and private soldiers, both European and native, employed in 
Affghanistan ; and that the same be signified to them by the com- 
manders of the several corps, who are desired to thank them for their 
gallant behaviour.” 

The resolutions were seconded by the Deputy-Chairman. 

Mr. Poynper said he was anxious to concur in a wish which had 
been expressed by the Chairman, that the resolutions before the Court 
should be unanimously adopted, as they had received the unanimous 
approbation of the Court of Directors—(Cries of ‘No, no”). He 
understood that this was the case. But they fell short of what they 
should have been. There was a total absence of all recognition of that 
divine aid and assistance by which alone the great results which they 
were about to acknowledge could have been obtained. Such recog- 
nition and acknowledgment had been made by one of the greatest naval 
commanders this country ever produced (Lord Nelson) in his des- 
patches, giving an account of the victory of the Nile. He hoped that 
some words would be added to the resolution, acknowledging the divine 
interposition in our favour. at a 

Mr. Twrntno reminded the Court that a similar addition had been 
made to a former resolution of the Court at the suggestion of the hon, 
Proprietor who had just sat down. He cordially concurred in the 
votes of thanks which the Court were then considering, and he trusted 
that they would be unanimously adopted. ; 

Mr. P. M, Martin read a letter sent by the late Marquis Wellesley 
to Lord Ellenborough, and a memoranda accompanying it, relating to 
Indian policy. 4 ' 

The Cuatrman said that the proposed alterations would give rise to 
a very long debate, which it was desirable to avoid. 

After some remarks relative to the alteration proposed by Mr. Peyn- 
per, the resolutions were carried, only three hands being held up 
against them, and the Court adjourned. 


Theatricals, 
—<p 
WN reviewing the drama our object will be no esthetical 
one. We hold the term in utter abhorrence. We shall 
criticise and judge by no imaginary standard, but simply 
\ by comparative excellence; and, unless novelty is pre- 
fsented to the public, shall make no attempt to fill upa 
pre-arranged space, or weave an article out of nothing. 
THE OPERA. 
At last, the cleanser, the painter, and the gilder, have been at work 
in this temple of the vocal drama. The upholsterer has dethroned the 
moth, and the most fashionable theatre in London will no longer be 
he dirtiest. We heartily congratulate the habitués of its precincts 
upon this favourable change, which we can safely affirm is one of the 
greatest improvements which has taken place within its walls during 
the last half-score of years. Throughout, in its draperies, fittings, and 
mouldings, everything is new ; and such was the effect of this, when it 
was lit up on Wednesday evening, that the space would seem to have 
doubled itself in dimension. ‘The delicate white of the panels harmo- 
nises well with the gilded mouldings aud the rich crimson damask of the 
draperies. At present, the most strenuous exertions are being made by 
Mr. Lumley, to open with unprecedented éclat. Both Fanny Elssler 
and Adele Dumilatre will appear uponthe first night of the season ; and 
it is anticipated that the latter will acquire as excellent a reputation as 
the former has already secured in England. She will appear in a new 
ballet divertissement introduced between the acts of Adelia, to be entitled 
U’Aurora, the subject of which—a classical one—has been admirably 
treated by Perrot. But when we took up our pen, we ,did it not so 
much with the intention of recording arrangement as that of announcing 
that we ourselyes had seen the purged and cleanly state of that 
Augean stable, in which Laporte reigned over the opera and the ballet. 
Under Mr. Lumley’s management, the ancient dust has been expelled 
from its resting place, not by turning the Eurotas, but a Pactolus, 
through it, for little less than princely expenditure could so thoroughly 
have renewed so faded and dirty a salle de l’opéra as that which has long 
been honoured by the attendance of metropolitan wealth, nobility, and 
fashion. Conti and Persiani have arrived, and the theatre will open 
tonight. 


DRURY LANE. 

The performances during the week have been ‘Much Ado about 
Nothing,” ‘‘ Virginius,” and ‘‘ The Lady of Lyons.” Mr, Macready’s 
Virginius still continues to be one of his greatest characters; and the 
drama was as finely acted,in every respect, as we have ever seen it. 


COVENT GARDEN. 

“Love” was on Monday evening produced at this theatre, for the pur- 
pose of giving a Mr.Paumier an opportunity of making his debit, in the 
character of Huon, and introducing a Mrs. Ryder to a metropolitan 
audience, in the character of the Countess. The gentleman made a most 
decided failure, exciting nothing but mirth ; and the lady was coldly 
tolerable. Mrs. Alfred Shaw continues to attract excellent audiences. 


ST. JAMES’S. 

Mademoiselle Plessy has made her appearance this week in ‘“t Le 
Portrait vivant,” and ‘* Le Reve du Mari,” and bas acted with her 
accustomed grace in both. Her exquisitely lady-like style has received 
its full meed of appreciation in either piece, for nothing could surpass 
the enthusaism which was excited by her graceful and thorough-bred 
manner. She has been admirably supported in the first piece by that 
excellent actor, Cartigny, who is the redeeming artist among the male 
inefficiencies of this theatre; and in the latter, by that sweet little 
actress Mademoiselle Prosper, who is too little seen upon this stage. 
We ought also to make honourable mention of Mademoiselle Arenal, 
who looks uncommonly well in her masculine attire, and acts with much 
dash and power, In every respect, this ts one of the most pleasant and 
agreeable of the metropolitan tlicatres. 


ad ° > ° 
Sportiig tiuteiligenece. 
—_—_————- 
TATTERSALL’S.—TuHuRspay. 

Business was very flat and uninteresting; about half-a-dozen bets on the 
Chester Cup, and twice as many on the Derby, having made up the comple- 
ment. On the first event, no change whatever Occurred ; and, in the second, 
we have only to mention an improveinent in Murat and Cornopean, and a 
decline in the Languish colt and Cataract; to say more would be a waste of 
time, paper, and space. 


CuUESTER CuP. 


7 to 1 agst Mr. Goodman’s Reaction. 
9to 1 — Mr. Lovesey’s The Corsair. 
13 to 1 — Mr. Plummer’s Alice Hawthorn (taken). 
13 to 1 — Lord Chesterfield’s Marshal Soult. 
15 to 1 — Mr. Isaac Day’s Marius (taken). 
DERBY. 
9 to 1 agst Mr. Blakelock’s A British Yeoman. 
16 to 1 — Colonel Peel’s Murat. 
25 to 1 — Mr. Bell’s Winesour. 
25 to 1 — Lord Eglinton’s Aristides, 
27to 1 — Col. Anson’s Napier. 
33 to 1 — Mr. Gritfith’s Newcourt. 
35 to 1 — Lord Westminster’s Languish ec. 
40 to 1 — Duke of Graiton’s Cataract (taken and aft. offered). 
40 to 1 — Bowes’s Cotherstone. 
1000 to 15 — Mr. 'T. Taylor’s Game Cock. 
1000 to 15 — Duke of Richmond’s Cornopean (taken). 
1000 to 10 — Col. Peel’s Caen. 
1000 even between Mercy colt and Game Cock. 
OAKS. 
5 to 1 agst Lord Westminster’s Maria Day (taken). 
ET 


ANTI-CORN-LAW LEAGUE, 

Last night the usual weekly meeting of the League took place at the 
Freemason’s Tavern, Great Queen-strect. The large hall of the tavern 
was completely filled, and hundreds went away unable to obtain admis- 
sion. The utmost enthusiasm was manifested in the proceedings. George 
Wilson, Ksq., chairman of the League, presided. It was announced 
that the next weekly meeting would be held in Drury Lane theatre, 
the proprietors of which spacious structure had acceded, in 
the most handsome manner, to the application of the council 
of the League; and until Easter, or until Mr. Villier’s 
motion should come before the House of Commons, the weekly 
meetings of the League would be held in the great theatre which he 
had mentioned. Since their last meeting, the council of the League 
had issued upwards of four or five tons in weight of tracts. They were 
put in circulation in all parts of the country. A single week’s dis- 
tribution of the Leavue’s tracts was greater than the quantity 
of publications issued by the abettors of monopoly in twelve months, 
Mr. Rosson, of Liverpool, delivered an eloquent and argumentative 
speech, and was followed by Mr. Milner Gibson, M.P., and Dr. 
Bowring. At the conclusion of Dr. Bowring’s speech, there were loud 
cries for Mr. Cobden. Mr, Wilson rose and said, he felt great regret in 
stating that Mr. Cobden had Jeft the meeting a short time ago. The 
next weekly meeting would he held in Drury-lane Theatre, and, by the 
arrangements of the council of the League, Mr. Cobden, Mr. Villiers, 
Mr. Bright, and several other gentlemen would attend and address the 
meeting. The chairman then dissolved the meeting. 

_Ayti-Corn-Law Meerine, St. CLement’s Danes.x—On_ Thursday 
night a very numerous and highly respectable meeting of the inhabi- 
tants of St. Clement’s Danes was held in the vestry-room of that 
parish, for the purpose of considering the propriety of again petitioning 
Parliament for the total abrogation of the corn and provision laws ; 
Mr. Dickson in the chair. Messrs. Proat, Cadogan, and several other 
gentlemen, advanced forcible arguments during the evening in support 
of the principles for which they had assembled, and recommended 
the speedy abolition of all restraints on trade as a certain panacea 
for the existing distress. After considerable discussioi: i: was unani- 
mously resolved, that petitions should be forthwith drawn out and pre- 
sented to Government praying for the total abolition of the corn and 
provision laws. 


THE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY TIMES. 


Che London Casette. 
————_ 


TUESDAY, MARCH, 7. 

BANKRUPTS.—R. CHAMBERLAIN, Ipswich, shipowner—H. YEBATMAN, 
Bear-lane, Blackfriars-road, victualler.—D. BAsELEY, High-street, Southwark, 
cheesemonger.—G. BARKER, Ratcliffe-upon-Trent, Nottinghamshire, black- 
smith._J. KNAPTON and W. M‘Kay, Manningham, Yorkshire, stuff manufac- 
turers.—S. Kirk, Sheffield, ironfounder.—P. J. Papillon, Leeds, winemerchant. 
—J. D. Binks, Worksop, Nottinghamshire, innkeeper.—H. LONSDALE, Shef«= 
tield, grocer.—C. PARKINS, Leeds, worsted spinner.—W. THoMPsON, Rawdon, 
Yorhshire, cloth manufacturer.—R. MARSDEN, Elland, Yorkshire, woollen 
cloth manufacturer.—H. A. JAMESON, North Shields, linen draper.—T. SoFrr- 
LEY, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, slater.—G. WALKER, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, ship- 
broker.—W. JoNES, Higher Babeleigh, Farm Devonshire, limeburner.—T 
ALSTON, Baldersten, Lancashire, spade manufacturer.—W. WHITELEY, Li- 
verpool, merchant. 

FRIDAY, MAncu 10. 

T. Daviess, Grosvenor-street, draper—H. CLARK, George-street, Mansion- 
house, lock-manufacturer—G,. BUTLER, Witham, Essex, builder—W.J. CHET- 
WYND, Elizabeth-place, Westminster-road, picture-dealer —J. WILSHIN, 
Reading, Berkshire, draper—H. HuGues and W. HunveEr, St. Leonard’s-on- 
the-Sea, builders—J. PETERS, Merstham, Surrey, coal-merchant—J. SAUN- 
DERSON, Cambridge, horse-dealer—E. DE CARLE, Notwich, stonemason—N. 
W. Corr, Yarmouth, Norfolk, merchant—F. SzAKKA and G. SzaArKA, New 
Bond-street, furriers—T. Cox, Gloucester, plumber—E. HALL, Narbeth, Pem- 
brokeshire, draper—T. Dickson, Thirsk, Yorkshire, linendraper—G. Rosson, 
jun., Osbaldwick, Yorkshire, cattle-dealer—E. BUTLER, Basford, Nottingham- 
shire, iron-merchant—G. HoLroyp and J. WALLER, Sheffield, stone-masons 
—T. GoopwIn and W. H. Grirrin, Heanor, Derbyshire, lime-burners. 


Our City Article. 


——~<>——_ 
LATEST NEWS. 

Several speculative bargains having been made, among which was one for 
£100,000 New 34 per cents., jobbers drove Consols up to 97} for money, and 
973 for the account (being the highest price since April, 1824), but have since 
dropped the price to 96{ for money, and 97 for the account. Similar move- 
ments took piace in Spanish bonds, the Three per cents. having been driven 
up to 29, which have now receded to 28}, the Five per cents. remain at 213, 
Mexican 30}, Portuguese 41, having been 41}. 

Intelligence to the 17th February, being nine days later than that previously 
received, has arrived from New York. It affords but little additional infor- 
mation, beyond a continued good feeling as to the expected improvement in 
the Spring trade. An official notification of the inability of the Federal Go- 
vernment to meet the current expenses had been made by the President to 
Congress, but without proposing any plan to meet the deficiency. Exchange in 
England 105}, 1054. Sir C. Bagot’s health was worse, and serious fears were 
then entertained for his recovery. 


The English Funds this week have presented the extraordinary fact of a rise 
of 2 per cent. in the price of Consols, without any particularly exciting cause. 
The operations have been very extensive, and the purchases made by infiu- 
ential brokers alone amount to upwards of a million of stock. It is very un- 
satisfactory to be obliged to trace this advance to the abundance of unem- 
ployed capital, arising in a great degree from the depression in trade, and the 
consequent disinclination on the part of monied men to embark in commercial 
epeculations. The supposition of some financial measure on the part of Go- 
vernment in regard to the 34 percent. stock gains ground, and it is generally 
thought that £120 stock, bearing 23 per cent., will be offered for every 
#190 in the 33 per cents. It seems difficult how so large an amount as 
£223,000,000 can be dealt with, should there be many dissentients. The me- 
thod adopted by Lord Althorp in treating the 4 per cents. would, it is consi- 
dered by many conversant with the subject, be preferable to the above. The 
holders of the stock were then offered a smaller capital bearing a longer inte- 
rest, but which was equivalent to the intended reduced amount. The standard 
rate is, it is now evident, to be 3 per cent, If, therefore, instead of increasing 
the stock to £278,000,000 with 23 per cent., it were to be reduced to 
£139,000,000 at 5 per cent., the same result as to the annual charge would be 
produced, with a much smallet capital to be dealt with hereafter, and without 
producing so complete a revolution in the value of money as must be brought 
about if the lower rate of interest be paid. 

The purchases both for investment and speculation have been continued 
during the week, and rather increased at the latter end of it, Consols being 
964, 963 for money, and 963} for the account; New 34 per cent., 102}, 1028; 
Exchequer Bills, 71, 72 premium. The other stocks are closed for the April 
dividends. 

Railroad shares are still favourites for permanent investment—London and 
Birmingham, 216, 218; Great Western, 95, 96; South Western, 653, 66}; 
Brighton, 353 ; Croydon, 10}, 11; Greenwich, 53, 64; astern Counties, 10, 104; 
the Scrip or debentures, 103, 114; Northern and Eastern, 10, 11; Birmingham, 
and Derby, 42, 43; Birmingham and Gloucester, 14, 144; Hull and Selby, 
37, 39; Midland Counties, 67, 68; South Eastern and Dover, 248, 247, 

Money remains of little value, and is difficult of employment, at 14 per cent. 
per annum. 

Within the last few days more activity has been observed in the Colonial 
Markets. Several large parcels of goods have been taken by dealers, but 
solely from a wish to get into stock, 

The foreign arrivals have been numerous, the most important being seven 
days’ later intelligence from America, and the West India Mail. The cheering 
accounts of the prospects of the crops in these islands have been completely 
set aside by the information of the disastrous earthquake, which it is feared 
has brought almost complete ruin upon the planters. 

The Americans were very sanguine of a good spring trade, which, although 
of great importance to us, is thought to be doubtful so long as the repudiation 
system be suffered to exist. 


PRICE OF CORN, 
General Weekly Average, received in the week ended March 4:—Wheat, 48s. 
3.090d.; Barley, 27s. 4.840d.; Oats, 17s. 3.380d.; Rye, 2Us. 0.625d.; Beans, 
«6s. 7.082d.; Peas, 28s. 6.463d. ; 
Aggregate Average of Six Weeks which governs Duty:—Wheat, 48s. 3d. 5 
Barley, 27s. 4d.; Oats, 17s.; Rye, 28s. 1ld.; Beans, 27s. 2d.; Peas, 29s. 9d. 


TO CORRESPONDENTS. 

The beautiful Engraving in our eighth page, is taken from “ Bilder und 

Randzeichnungen,” (a selection of German Poems, with illustrations, de- 

signed and etched by'Sonderland,) published by Hering and Remington, 
Regent-street. 


BOOKS RECEIVED FOR REVIEW. 

Francesca di Faenza, by Lord Beaumont. The Last of the Barons, by Sir E. 
L. Bulwer, bart. Harry Mowbray, by Charles Knox. ‘Titian, by Dr. Shelton 
Mackenzie. Day Dreams, by Charles Knox. The Hand-book of Needlework, 
by Miss Lambert. Geology for Beginners, by Richardson. Dr. Hoskins on 
Vesical Calculus. Guide to Fancy Needlework, Mitchell. 


EA and PERRIN’S “WORCESTERSHIRE 
SAUCE.” Prepared from the Recipe of a Nobleman in the County.— 
The above celebrated Sauce has, from the time of its introduction, been 
steadily progressing in public favour. Its peculiar piquancy, combined with 
exquisite flavour, establish it of a character unequalled in sauces. Noblemen 
and others of acknowledged gotit, pronounce it to be ‘the only good sauce ;” 
and for enriching sravies, or as a zest for fish, curries, steaks, game, cold 
meat, &c., especially unrivalled. Asa rapidly-increasing inguiry is now made 
for it in all parts of the kingdom, the Proprietors beg to state that druggists, 
grocers, and others may be supplied by their Agents—Messrs. Barclay and 
Sons, Farringdon-street ; Mr. J. Harding, 59, King-street, Stepney; Messrs. 
Metcalfe and Co., 16, Southampton-row; and by the Wholesale Oil and 
Italian Warehousemen in London, upon the same terms as at their warchouse 
at Worcester. : 
Sold retail, in half-pint bottles, at 1s. Gd.; pints, 2s. 6d.; and quarts, 5s. 
each, with the Proprietor’s Stamp over the cork of every bottle. 
EMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES. 
N Saturday will be Published a REPORT of a MEET- 
ING OF INTENDED EMIGRANTS, embracing a Plan for Founding 
Colonies of United Interests in the North-Western Territories of the United 
States of America, containing the mode of locating the Emigrants; the ex- 
pense of travelling ; the cost of Jand, stock, fimplements, &c.5 a series of es- 
timates of production and consumption, extending over a period of three years, 
With the surplus obtained in each year; the articles of agreement. between 
the parties for whom the plan was prepared, anda declaration of their inten- 
tions in agreeing to the same; together with a glimpse of a second plan for 
Uniting the various parties formed under the first, the provisions of which 
first plan being calculated for the formation of sectional training schools, but 
at the same time independent of each other, and self-governing ; and finally, 
an appendix, containing an account of the territory selected as the most de- 
Sirable for prosecuting the contemplated objects. _ 
By Tuomas Hunt. Price Sixpence. 
On Saturday, will be published, well printed on fine paper, 
THE WAY to WEALTH. By Dr. BENS. FRANKLIN. Price One Penny. 
London :—Printed and Published by W. OSTELL, Hart-street, Bloomsbury. 
Also, Published by G. VickERrs, Holywell-street, Strand; and CLEAVE, Shoe- 
ane, Fleet-street. 
Now [Publishing, in Weekly Numbers, piicerone bound 6d Monthly Parts, 
price Fourpence, the last New bape - 3 
THE MYSTERIOUS FREEBOOTER; or, THE BRIDE of MYSTERY. 
1e most interesting and affecting Romance ever constructed, Illustrated by 
'st-rate Engravings. oe 
Price Twopence. Dancing for the Million. ’ ; 
THE BOOK for the BALL ROOM. Containing all the Quadrilles, Waltzes, 
Gallopades, &c., as danced at the principal Metropolitan Assembly Rooms ; 


eener with instructions to enable any person to Dance without the aid of a 
] er, 


fi 


G. Vickers, Holywell-street, Strand. 


HE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY TIMES. 

W. SERJEANT, Newspaper Agent, 2, Bell Yard, Temple Bar, begs to 

inform those Gentlemen and Ladies who are desirous of taking in the above 

Paper, that they can have it sent into the Country every week by enclosing 

erpence in a pre-paid Letter, or a Post Office Order for 6s. 6d. for three 
8. 


N.B.—All orders sent to the above address, punctually attended to. 


In 8vo., price 7s. 6d. boards, 


HE COLD-WATER SYSTEM: an Essay, exhibiting 

the real merits, and most safe and effectual employment, of this ex- 

cellent System in Debility, Indigestion, Costiveness, Asthma, Cough, Con- 

sumption, Rheumatism, Gout, &c.; with CAUTIONARY REMARKS, and some 
new cases. By T. H. GRauAM, M.D., &e. 

“We have been particularly pleased with his cautionary remarks; they are 
reasonable and instructive. It will disabuse the mind of a great deal of pre- 
judice on this now-important subject.”—County Herald. 

‘A very able work.”—Court Gazette, 25th February. 


Published by StmPxIN and Co., Paternoster-row; and HATCHARD and Son, 
187, Piccadilly. 


( ENUINE HAVANA CIGARS.—EDWIN WOOD, 
69, KING WILLIAM STREET, CITY, begs to inform his friends and 
the publ, that he has opened the above extensive Premises, with the largest 
and choicest assortment of CIGARS in London, and that, in order to. obviate 
the difficulty so much complained of in not being able to obtain a first-rate 
HAVANA CIGAR, he. has made arrangements with a respectable Firm in 
si iaiiockiGerpHaiitrg ae finest Goods that are to be obtained. 
ises the lirst qualities from the manufactories of SILVA 
CABANA, WOODVILLE, NORRIEGAS, LA UNIONS, REGALIAS, genuine 
OLD PRINCIPES, GOVERNMENT MANILLAS, BENGAL and PORTO 
RICO CHEROO rs, with every other description now in demand. 

Particular attention js paid to the shipment of Cigars as stores, for which 
purpose a large stock is always kept in bond, from which, gentlemen desirous 
of purchasing, can at all times make their own selection. 

Annexed is a list of the present prices for cash, all of the best quality ; and 
I beg to assure you that all orders transmitted to me will receive the most 
careful attention, and all goods supplied be in strict accordance with the 
sainples which I shall be happy to forward to you upon receiving an order to 
that effect. 

; S. &. Ss. 8. 
Genuine Havanas......+.... 18 Bengal Cheroots.-......+2- 12 
Do. Superior........... 22 Trabuco8 .:.sccccedbsstcace 26 

Do. Do. the finest im- Rritish Havanas....... seee- 14 to 16 

; ported.. teceececesess 26 Porto Rico Cheronts........ 9 ,, 12 
Genuine Old Principes....., 24 Chinsurah, or Bengal do.... 12 
Government Manillas....... 19 to 21 King’s wcccsccccscscccevese SD 
Planchadas ..+-sseceeeeseee 19 21} Queen’s...scccccescecce oo. 35 
Regalias....seeeseeeeeseee. 18 “ 2) | The “ Far-Famed” OldCubas 12 


P.S. Every description of Foreign and Fancy Snuffs packed for exportation, 
and warranted to keep in any climate. 


ae and GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE, 

ANNUITY, FAMILY ENDOWMENT, and LOAN ASSOCIATION, 
112, Cheapside, London. 

Every description of Life Assurance entertained, premiums payable quar- 
terly, half-yearly or yearly ; Loans advanced, from £25 to £500, for three or 
more years, on approved personal or other security, on the borrower assuring 
his or her life for a moderate amount. 

Endowments for children to receive a stated sum of money on arriving at 
14 and 21; incase of death the whole of the money returned to the parents. 
Annufties, immediate or deferred. Prospectuses and every information to 
be had of 

112, Cheapside. 


FRED. LAWRANCE, Resident Sec. 


No 40, WIGMORE-STREET, CAVENDISH-SQUARE, 


A 
RENCH ESTABLISHMENT for CLEANING 
DYEING, and MENDING BLONDS, LACES, &c. &c. 

Mr. RABY, of Paris, whose discovery for Cleaning Blonds, Malines, Brussels, 
English Point, &c., has acquired him such renown, is happy to announce to the 
Ladies, that, by the daily experiments he is making, he is enabled to carry the 
art of Cleaning and Dyeing to the greatest perfection. 

_ The Blonds that he has to show at his Establishment are of the finest descrip- 
tion; and the articles sent to him to be repaired are joined by some of the most 
experienced workwomen with such perfection, that it is impossible for the most 
acute eye to discover the parts that have been inended. 

At this Establishment the Cleaning and Dyeing of Silks, Satins, 
Merinos, &c., are perfectly well done. 

MERINO, CHALIE, and MovussELINE DE LAINE DRESSES Cleaned without 
being UNPICKED, from 8s. to 4s. 

SILK and SATIN DressEs Cleaned without being UNPICKED, from 6s. to 8s. 


(Bp OIL.—H. TAYLOR, Chemist, 10, Pall-Mall, 
London, has prepared CASTOR OIL in a concentrated form, enclosed in 
Capsules of Gelatine ; by which the disagreeable taste of this medicine is en- 
tirely avoided. They will be found the most pleasant method of taking that 
safe aperient medicine. The dose is from one to four capsules—the average 
dose two capsules; these are sold in boxes, containing 24, at 2s. 6d. each, and 
can be procured of all respectable Chemists throughout the kIngdom. 


d 


Chalies, 


GILLOTT’S PENS. 
el Pen Manufacturer in Ordinary to Her Majesty, 

i: HE very great superiority of 
' these pens, and the Public’s approbation of 
them, are attested by the constantly increasing 
demand—their entire adoption at the Bank of 
England, and her Majesty’s Public Offices, where 

EAA CER eit is known that the best articles only are ad- 
AG La Tes ge tes mitted. 

The number of Pens manufactured at the works of Joseph Gillot, 


From Oct. 1837 to Oct, 1838, was 35,808,452 Pens. 

From Oct. 1838 to_ ,, 1839, ,, 44,654,702 ,, 

From Dec. 1840 to Dec. 1841, ,, 62,124,928 ,, 

From Dec. 1841 to ,, 1842, ,, 70,612,000 ,, 

These Pens are made in every variety, suitable for the Legal and Medical 
Professions, Banking, Mercantile, and General Purposes, and for Schools— 
of various degrees of flexibility, and with fine, extra fine, medium, and 


Ste 


hi 


broad points—so as to suit all hands and every king of writing. 
Thien Gillot’s Pens have the name “JOSEPH GILLOTT” marked 
in full@n every Pen, and the Label on the Packets and Boxes of his Pens 


bear a fac-simile of his signature: 


eee 


Sold Retail by all respectable dealers in Pens; and wholesale at the ware- 
house, 95, New Street, Birmingham; also at 87, Gracechurch Street, London, 
under the management of Mr. Fox, from the Manufactory—or from any of 
the Wholesale Stationers and Merchants in London, &c. 


HEUMATISM. — Lieutenant-Colonel Stisted, of the 

Third Regiment of Light Dragoons, informs those who have Rheu- 
matism that he has worn Coles’s Medicated Bands four months, that they have 
relieved him from a state of suffering scarcely to be described. The Colonel, 
to evince his gratitude to Mr. Coles, has authorised him to make use of his 
name in any way he thinks proper. 

No. 4, Craven-street, Strand, April 22, 1837. 

Immense numbers of the Nobility, General Officers, Clergy, &c., are now 
wearing Coles’s Patent Bands for the relief of Rheumatism. 

RUPTURES. 

“ Colonel Francklin informs those who have Ruptures, that he has been 
wearing Trusses thirty years, and he has never met with but one individual who 
was master of the complaint. He has likewise an elder brother, a Colonel in 
the Honourable East India Company’s Service, who has worn a similar kind 
of Truss for many years, who can say the same. Mr. Coles, of Charing-cross, 
is the individual alluded to. 

‘« Blackheath, July 16, 1832.” ' 

“ Colonel Green hesitates not to acknowledge that the Trusses furnished to 
him by Mr. Coles have effectually put a stop to his malady, He cannot say 
that of any other Truss which he had worn for the last thirty years. 

“No. 8, Windham-place, Montagu-square, Aug. 27, 1833.” 

(From A. T. Munro, Esq.) 

“« Sir—About twelve months since I purchased one of your Patent Trusses 
for my father, Lieutenant Munro, who has worn Trusses thirty years ; and such 
is the estimation in which your Truss is held by him, that he would not part 
with it for the value of all the Trusses he had previously worn. 

“Tain, September 21, 1833.” 

General Austin, of Sunderland, has also given Mr. Coles an excellent testi- 
monial of his gase. 

The Right Hon. the late Earl of Fingall has given Mr. Coles a certificate of 
his case also, with leave to publish it. 

There are two Generals who asserted in public, that they had sent Mr. Coles 
upwards of three hundred of their afflicted brethren. 

The last three monarchs, though afflicted, knew nothing of this. Their pages, 
coachmen, and postilions, enjoyed the benefit of Coles’s Trusses, &c., and are 
now on their legs. 

Read “ Coles on Ruptures, or Rheumatism,” price 2d. 

MANUFACTORY, 8, CHARING-CROSS, 


15 


Mr. Forbes Winslow’s New Work, on the “ Disorders of the Mind,” &c. 


1 vol. 8vo. price 7s. 6d. 
N THE HEALTH OF THE BODY AND MIND 
by ForBES W1NsLOW, Esq., Member of the Royal College of Sur- 
geons; author of ‘‘ The Plea of Insanity in Criminal Cases,”—*‘ There is ap- 
proaching a new era in the history of medicine, and its advent will be mate- 
rially hastened by the author of the work before us. It is replete with fine 
thoughts and beautiful illustrations : indeed, we have seldom met with a mind 
s0 well balanced as the author’s. He is not less remarkable for the strength 
of his understanding, than for the chasteness of his fancy. These two powers 
have harmoniously operated, and the result is one of the most interesting 
volumes of moderntimes.”—Atlas. ss 
London: H. RENsuaw, 356, Strand, and all booksellers. 


On the Ist of every Month. Price ls. (or by post, Is. 4d.) 
HE LADIES’ GAZETTE OF FASHION, containing 
Three large superbly Engraved and Coloured Plates, and nearly 50 
Figures of French and English Costume, comprising Patterns of every novelty 
in Morning, Evening, Walking, and Ball Dresses, Fancy Hats, Caps, Turbans, 
and Fashionable Millinery, ample Letter-press Descriptions, Observations on 
the Changes in the Fashions, Original Tales, Poetry, &c. : 


Published Weekly, Price 3d. (each number in a Wrapper), 
BERGER’S PICTORIAL EDITION OF 
BUFFON’S NATURAL HISTORY, to be completed in 50 Numbers, and 
embellished with many hundred superb Engravings on Steel of the most rare 


‘and curious Animals, forming a work of unequalled beauty, utility, and value, 


at a price that places it within the reach of all, 


Published Weekly, Price 3d. plain, or 6d. coloured, 
BERGER’S EDITION OF 
IRELAND’S LIFE OF NAPOLEON, detailing his Achievements as a 
Warrior and Policy asa Statesman. With anecdotes of his Campaigns and 
Private Life, and Sketchcs of the celebrated Men of his Times. Magnificently 
illustrated by GEORGE CRUICKSHANK. 


New Edition, greatly Enlarged, Price 9d. or by post Is., 

THE ESSENTIALS OF BUSINESS, and Manual of Mercantile Informa- 
tion; containing Arithmetical and Lommercial Tables, Rules for Correct and 
Speedy Calculation, the relative Weight and Value of British and Foreign 
Coins, Hints on Book-keeping, Bills of Exchange, &c., by THoMAsS BRown. 

THOMPSON’S TREATISE on the LAWS of LANDLORD and TENANT, 
with the new Law of Ejectment, and everything necessary to be known by 
either party. Price 6d., or by post, 8d. ; 

THOMPSON’S KEY to the LOAN SOCIBTIES, with clear Directions for 
obtaining at the lowest Rate of Interest from Fifty Shillings to Five Hundred 
Pounds. Price Is,, or by post, Is. 4d. 

THOMPSONS TREATISE on the ASSESSED TAXES, with Notes and 
accurate Tables, and clear Directions for those who wish to appeal. Price 6d., 
or by post, 8d. 

THOMPSON’S TREATISE on the LAW of DEBTOR and CREDITOR, 
with Notes. Price 6d., or by post, 8d. 

The Tradesmen’s Edition of the NEW INSOLVENT ACT, showing how it 
will operate on the Honest Debtor and the Practised Swindier. Price Gd., or 
by post, Sd. 

THOMPSON’S TREATISE on the LAW of WILLS, with Instructions to 
Testators, Legatees, Executors, &c., and Forms of Wills, suited to all Persons. 
Price 6d., or by post, 8d. 

VENTRIS’S STENOGRAPHIC STANDARDS, containing all the best and 
most celebrated Systems of Short-hand, with Directions, by which any one 
may speedily learn that useful art. Price Js., or by post, Is. 4d. 

VENTRIS’S WRITER’S GUIDE, or Rules and Examples for the attain- 
ment of Superior Penmanship; with Lessons in Regular Gradations in Round 
and Running Hands, Specimens of the German and Church Texts, Old English, 
Italian, and Engrossing Hands, and upwards of 150 Varieties of Original and 
Selected Ornamental Letters, Directions for Pupils, &c. &c. Price Is. 6d., 
or by post, Is. 10d. 

MAGIC AT HOME; or, Amusement for the Million, in which all the Mys- 
teries of the Black Art are clearly explained. By RigpuM FuNNIDOs, Pro- 
fessor. Price 6d., or by post, 8d. 

BERGER’S Double Check Gentleman’s WASHING BOOK, alphabetically 
arranged. Price 6d. 

FEENY’S UNIVERSAL SHORT-HAND, containing all the Modern Im- 
provements in the Art. Price 6d., or by post, 8d. 

COMMON SENSE, or Health for Everybody ; being a sure Guide to Health 
and Longevity. Price 6d., or by post, Sd. 

London: G. BERGER, Holywell-street, Strand. 


ryNHE LATE MR. DRUMMOND.—<“< We shudder at the 

sight of human blood.’”—The 16th number of the HYGEIST (a semi- 
monthly publication), Price ld, published on the 15th inst., will contain ar- 
ticles on the qualities of the blood—Mr. Tothill’s opinion on Mr. Drummond’s 
case—Difference of treatment between Doctors and Hygeists; a question of 
life or death—The cause and cure of disease—Query submitted to the public 
Hygeian discussion-—The doctor and the ghosts. 

Mr. TOTHILL’S EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT of his PRACTICE at the 
EXETER HYGEIAN DISPENSARY is also now ready, and it may be sent 
with the Hygeist to any part of the kingdom on three postage stamps being 
enclosed, addressed to the Editor of the Hygeist, 368, Strand, London. 

The back numbers of the Hygeist may be had at the office ; also ‘‘ La Veri- 
table Cause des Maladies, price Gd; and the abridged edition of Morisoniana, 
yrice 6d. 

: We repeat that the difference between the treatment of Doctors and Hy- 
geists isa question of life or death. Blood is the life—thre very life—the indi- 
vidual himself. 


UBTERRANEOUS EXHIBITION, 35, STRAND. 

A splendid Picture of the Crucifixion has just been added to the exhibitlon 

in the Magic Cave; also an original painting by Mr. Cox of The Eve of the 

Deluge, which may now be seen, with Sixteen other Views, fitted up with so 

much ingenuity, that the spectator with a slight help from the fancy, might 

imagine that he was looking from some real Cavern upon some of the most 
exquisite scenes on England’s Coast. 

Open from 11 in the morning until 10 at night—Admission Sixpence. 
LOWTHER BAZAAR, 35, STRAND. 


ON BLUSS Coolher 
Y AUTHORITY THE “ QUEEN’S 


OWN,” with the new large eyes, are easily threaded 


<i H. Walker’s improved Fish-hooks, Steel Pens, Hooks 
Wasj and Eyes, Bodkins, &c., are recommended to notice. 
BE ~—- For the Home Trade, neat packages of Needles or Pens, 
rm Is. to 10s. value can be sent free by post by any respectable dealer, on 
receipt of 13 penny stamps for every shilling value. Every quality, &c. for 
shipping. 

ie Witkee: Manufacturer to ihe Queen, 20, Maiden-lane, Wood-street. 


MPORTANT.—“ After more than two years’ constant 
trial, I can give the most unqualified and decided testimony in favour of 
your Ventilating Waterproof Frocks. I have been much exposed in an open 
chaise to all weathers, frequently for six hours at a time, to the most drench- 
ing rain, so as to appear externally like one sheet of water, but never found 
your coat fail in keeping me perfectly dry (and this, too, without the least 
appearance of confined perspiration). I cannot express the cemfort and gatis- 
faction it affords me, as a protection from the wet and damp it is invaluable; and 
now that I have proved palts Eno nee what sp ezouls do withous rca 
imony is of any value, pray make any use you please of it. 
cere tae 7 2 ‘oDELPH and SON, Surgeons. 
*©9, Alfred-place,*Newington, Surrey, Feb. 10, 1843. 
“Toh rdoe.” 
The ae raters to BERDOE’S well-known VENTILATING WATER- 
PROOF FROCK, a respectable and established garment for all seasons. : 
Made only by WALTER BERDOE, TAILOR, WATERPROOFER, &c., 69, 
CORNHILL (Eight doors from Bishopsgate-street). 


BRETI’S SAMPLE HAMPERS, 20s, EACH. 
HESE favourite little packages will be duly appreciated 


by all persons who can distinguish between the wse and the abuse of the 

good things of this life; inasmuch as they contain specimens of only such 

Spirits asare recommended by the Faculty, for their respective salutary pro- 

perties, and for their perfect freedom from deleterious adulteration; at the 
prices annexed—per sealed bottle, and per Imperial Gallon i. be 

s. d. 8. d. 

6orls 0 

2orl10 6 

6or1l2 0 


Two bottles of Brett’s improved Cognac ....at 3 
Two bottles of Cream Gin...veccceeseeceescal 2 
One bottle of Strong Unsweetened Gin......at 2 
One bottle of Old Jamaica Rum........-.--at 3 Qorl5 0 
Two pint bottles of Liqueur Ginger Brandy at 2 3 or 18 0 
The Eight Bottles, and Hamper inclusive, for a Sovereign. 
Hampers, containing half-a-dozen of BRANDY only, may be had at the 
same price. ‘ 
Country orders, specifying conveyance, and accompanied by a Post-Office 
Remittance, will command instant attention, and invoice by Return of Post, 
HENRY BRET? and Co., Old Furnival’s Inn, Holborn Bars, London. 


16 


THE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY TIMES. 


DECORATIVE NEEDLEWORK. 
Now Ready, in Post 8vo. revised and considerably enlarged, Price 10s. 6d. 
the Second Edition of 


HE HAN D-BOOK OF NEEDLEWORK, 


by Miss LAMBERT (of Burlington-street). Being a complete guide to 
every kind of Decorative Needlework, Crochet, Knitting, and Netting, with a 
brief Historical Account of each Art. Illustrated with 115 Engravings on 
Wood. London: JouN MurRRAY, Albemarle-street. 


8, New Burlington-street, March 11, 1843. 
MR. BENTLEY HAS JUST PUBLISHED THE FOLLOWING 
NEW WORKS :— 


ie 
ARRATIVE OF A JOURNEY TO KALAT. In- 


a cluding an Account of the Insurrection at that place in 1840, and a 
Memoir fon Eastern Balochistan. By CHARLES MAsson, Esq. Forming the 
Fourth Volume of his ‘‘ Journeys in Balochistan, &c.” In demy 8vo., with a 
new Map of the various Countries on either side of the Indus traversed by 
the Author, prepared by himself. Price Fourteen Shillings, neatly bound. 

II. TITIAN. A Romance of Venice. By R.SmELTON MACKENZIE, LL.D. 
Tn 3 vols. post 8vo. Price Eighteen Shillings. 

III. DOINGS IN CHINA; being the Personal Narrative of an Officer engaged in 
the late Chinese Expedition, from the recapture of Chusan, in 1841, to the 
Peace of Nanking, in August, 1842. By Lrzur. ALEXANDER MURRAY, 18th 
Royal Irish. In post 8vo., neatly bound, 10s. 6d. 

ly. THE DOUBLE )UEL: or, Hoboken. By TuEoporeE S. Fay, Esa. 
Author of ‘The Countess,” &c. In 3 vols. post 8vo. Price Eighteen Shillings. 

V. THE COURT OF ENGLAND under the Houses of Nassau and Hanover. 
By John HENEAGE JzEsSE, Esq., Author of ‘ Memoirs of the Court of England 
during the Reign of the Stuarts.” In 3 vols. 8vo. With Portraits. 

VI. THE PHANTASMAGORIA OF FUN. By Atrrep CrowquitL. In 2 
vols. post 8vo., with one hundred and fifty Illustrations. Price Eighteen 
Shillings. 

VII. THE HISTORY OF THE MANNERS, CUSTOMS, ARTS, &c. OF 
ANCIENT GREECE. By J.A. St.JoHN, Esq. In 8 vols. 8vo. Price 31s. 6d. 

VIII. THE SECOND SERIES OF THE INGOLDSBY LEGENDS; or, 
Mirth and Marvels. By Tuomas INGoLPsBy, Esq. In post 8yo., with Illus- 
trations by Leech. 

IX. THE WASSAIL BOWL. By ALBERT SMITH, Esq. In 2 vols. post 
8vo. With Characteristic Illustrations by Leech. Price Sixteen Shillings. 

X. A VISIT TO ITALY IN 1841. By Mrs. Troutuore, Author of ‘ Paris 
and the Parisians,” ‘* Vienna and the Austrians.’ ** Domestic Manners of the 
Americans,” &c. In 2 vols., demy 8yvo. 

Xf. THE HAND-BOOK OF SILK, COTTON, AND WOLLEN MANUFAC- 
TURES. By Dr. W. C. Taytor, Trinity College, Dublin. Price 2s. 6d. 

XII. DOCTOR HOOKWELL; or, the Anglo-Catholic Family. A Novel, in 


3 vols., post Svo. 
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SACRED MUSIC FOR LENT. 
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HE PIANISTA, for March, No. 27.— 


Contents :—‘* The Sancta Mater;”’ also, the celebrated 
“Inflammatus” and the “‘Sempiterna; Amen,” being the three 
remaining pieces of Rossini’s ‘*Stabat Mater,’ the seven 
others, as piano solos, having been given in Pianista, No, 20. 
Also, now ready, two treble supplements, containing the six 
Quartettes, and choruses of the ‘‘ Stabat Mater,” with Latin 
and English words; these, with No. 21, Pianista, which con- 
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extra. For which address the Editor, 23, Paternoster-row. 

SuERWooDS; GANGE, 19, Poultry; TempLEMAn, 248, Regent-street. 


MELODIES FOR THE MILLION—FOR ALL INSTRUMENTS. 
HE MUSICAL BEE, for Marcu, No. 8, 


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(easy), and fourteen other beautiful Airs, for 4d.—not one 
farthing each; making the ‘ Bee” the cheapest musical work 
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The first Six Numbers may be had bound, nrice 2s. 6d.; 
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hee number sent post free for 6d., by addressing the Editor, 
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SHERWoOODS; GANGE, 19, Poultry; LIMBIRD, 143, Strand. 


THE MIRACLE OF THE AGE! 
Will be published, on Saturday, March 18, 1843, and to be continued Weekly, 


XBERRY’S WEEKLY BUDGET OF PLAYS, and 
MAGAZINE of ROMANCE, WHIM, and INTEREST; with Splendid 
Embellishments, and containing twenty-four columns of double crown quarto, 
filled with the most popular Acting Dramas of the day; a reprint of 
OXBERRY’S SHILLING EDITION of PLAYS, Biographies of the most 
celebrated departed and living actors; and a most unequalled collection of 
original Tales and Romances, price only Three halfpence! 4 

No. I. will contain the last new piece of popularity, entitled, RUTH! 
together with several other Pieces, Choice Comic Songs, and other matters of 
Interest and Fun, for little more than the price usually charged fora play-bill. 
The whole forming the most gorgeous, and the cheapest periodical ever pub- 
lished. The advantages of this truly original and much-required work are 
obvious. 

THE PuBLIC will be enabled, at a cheap rate, to judge of the merits of 
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at a sixth part of the lowest charge for a single Piece. 

AvuTHORS will, by means of this publication, get their pieces before the 
eyes of Country Managers, and thus obtain a share in the benefits of the 
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ACTORS, amidst other advantages, will be spared the time, Jabour, and 
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to purchase the entire for so small a sum, 

MANAGERS.—To mention the utility of such a work to these gentlemen 
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Printed and Published by J. PrrERCE, 310, Strand; and to be had of CLEAVE, 
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A NEW WORK FOR ALL INSTRUMENTS. 
On Wednesday, March lst, was published, continued every Fortnight, 
No. 1, price Threepence, of 


A Maes MUSICAL CASKET; or, Melodies for the Million : 


Being a choice selection of the most fovourite and popular airs, arranged 
in the easiest keys, for the Flute, Violin, or Cornopean, By Mr. JAMES 
M‘EWEN. 

No. 1 will contain— 
13 Tyrolese Fortune-teller. 
14 I came from a Happy Land. 
15 The Misletoe Bough. 
16 They marched through the Town. 
17 Kiss and be Friends. 
18 Laird of Cockpen. 
19 My Lord Tomnoddy. 
20 The Angel’s Whisper. 
21 Will Watch, 
22% The GirlI left behind me. 
11 The Man that couldn’t get warm. 23 Tullochgorum ; or, the Highland 
12 Clar de kitchen. Fling. 
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4 NEES LEGALITY of the ROYAL POLYTECHNIC 
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1 Paddy, will you now? 

2 Long, long ago. 

3 Liverpool Hornpipe. 

4 Woodman, Spare that Tree. 
5 My Beautiful Rhine. 

6 Aurora Valse. 

7 Chinese Grand March. 

8 Festive Dance. 

9 Johnny Cope. 
10 Lilla’s a Lady 


UNION of LONDON is affirmed by the OPINION of FITZROY KELLY, 


Prospectus may be had of the Honorary Secretary, Mr. R. I. Longbottom, 
No. 5, Cavendish-square, who receives subscriptions, and willshow Mr. Kelly’s 
oplnions. 


a ne in Sie ee Sheer os 
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eee OE 

London: Printed by WILLIAM KELLY, at the Office of KeLLy and Co., 19 
and 20, Old Boswell-court, Temple-bar ; and Published by ALEXANDER 
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' 
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